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Growth Requirement For The Fungal Groups (Zygomycota (Temperature In A…
Growth Requirement For The Fungal Groups
Zygomycota
Temperature In A Culture Conditions
Most of them are mesophilic (growing at 10–40 °C with an optimum 20–35 °C).
Some are thermophilic with a minimum growth temperature of about 20 °C and maximum extending up to 60 °C
Ecology
The most ecologically diverse group of fungi.
Zygomycota are terrestrial organisms. They live close to plants, usually in soil and on decaying plant matter. Because they decompose soil, plant matter, and dung, they have a major role in the carbon cycle.
Zygomycota can also be found in acquatic ecosystems.
Zygomycota are also pathogens for animals, amebas, plants, and other fungi. They form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with plants. In addition, they inhabit the gut of the organism and feeding on unused nutrients.
Relatively small group of fungi belonging to the Phylum Zygomycota
Bread mold,
Rhizopus stolonifer
.
On surfaces of breads, fruits, and vegetables
Saprobes, lives off decaying organic material
Parasites
Reproduction
Asexual
Usually reproduce asexually by producing sporangiospores. The black tips of bread mold are the swollen sporangia packed with black spores. When spores land on a suitable substrate, they germinate and produce a new mycelium.
Sexual
Sexual reproduction starts when conditions become unfavourable. Two opposing mating strains must be in close proximity for gametangia from the hyphae to be produced and fuse, leading to karyogamy.
Ascomycota
The majority of known fungi belong to the Phylum Ascomycota
Yeasts
Baking, brewing, and wine fermentation, plus truffles and morels.
Parasitise plants and animals
Fungal pneumonia poses a significant threat to AIDS patients
Infest and destroy crops directly as well as producing poisonous secondary metabolites that make crops unfit for consumption
Reproduction
Sexual
Two different gametes, or sex cells, have to combine for reproduction to begin. In some species, the second gamete has to come from another fungus. In other species, a single fungus contains both male and female gametes and can self-fertilize.
Asexual
It is frequent and involves the production of conidiophores that release haploid conidiospores
Ecology
Can be found on all continents. They often form symbiotic relationships with algae, plant roots, and the leaves or stems of plants
Temperature In A Culture Conditions
Reaching whole plate in 7 days at 40°C
Basidiomycota
The majority of edible fungi belong to the Phylum Basidiomycota. Several species are grown commercially for food.
Common cultivated mushroom,
Agaricus bisporus
, brown-coloured Shiitake mushroom and a mixture of grey, pink and yellow forms of the oyster fungus.
Reproduction
Sexual
Two different mating strains are required for the fusion of genetic material in the basidium which is followed by meiosis producing haploid basidiospores.
Mycelia of different mating strains combine to produce a secondary mycelium that contains haploid basidiospores in what is called the dikaryotic stage, where the fungi remains until a basidiocarp (mushroom) is generated with the developing basidia on the gills under its cap.
Ecology
Basidiomycota can be found in almost every terrestrial environments.
They are also located in aquatic environments, both with freshwater and marine habitats.
Basidiomycota acquire energy by decaying wood, plant, and waste.
Temperature In A Culture Conditions
Optimum growth rate occurred at between 20 and 30 °C
Deuteromycota
Imperfect fungi—those that do not display a sexual phase—are classified in the form phylum Deuteromycota
The food industry relies on them for ripening some cheeses
Fungi producing the antibiotic penicillin and those that cause athlete's foot and yeast infections
Temperature In A Culture Conditions
Optimum growth rate occurred at between 20 and 30 °C
Ecology
Most members live on land, with a few aquatic exceptions.
Reproduction
Asexual
Strictly asexual and occurs mostly by production of asexual conidiospores. Some hyphae may recombine and form heterokaryotic hyphae. Genetic recombination is known to take place between the different nuclei.
Chytridiomycota
Ecology
Reproduction
Temperature In A Culture Conditions