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Division of Fungi (ASCOMYCOTA (Growth Requirements (Nutrients (Dead…
Division of Fungi
ASCOMYCOTA
Habitat
Terrestrial
Fruit & other organic material
Reproduction
Asexual
Conidiospores
Budding
Sexual
Formation of sexual spores (ascus)
2 different gametes (sex cell) combined
Examples
Penicillium
: produce antibiotic penicillin
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
: baker's yeast
Ophiostoma ulmi
: cause Dutch Elm disease
Characteristic
Unicellular
Multicellular
Growth Requirements
Nutrients
Dead organisms
Living organisms
Oxygen
Aerobic
Anaerobic
pH
Acidic
Water
For spores spreading
Culture Medium
Malt Agar
ZYGOMYCOTA
Habitat
Terrestrial
Some are parasites on plants, insects or small soil animals
Characteristic
Multicellular
Lack of hyphal cell walls (except in reproductive structure)
Mycelia of continuous hyphae with many haploid nuclei
Reproduction
Asexual
Asexual spores (sporangiospores) develop in sporangia on the tips of aerial hyphae
Sporangia support and houses hundreds of sporangiospores
Sexual
Zygospores remain dormant in adverse environment
Sexual spores (zygospores)
Examples
Mucorales : pin molds
Rhizopus stolonifer
: black bread mold
Growth Requirements
Oxygen
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Nutrients
Unused nutrients (not utilized by the arthropod)
pH
Alkali
Water
For sporse spreading
Culture Medium
Sabouraud dextrose agar
DEUTEROMYCOTA
Reproduction
Asexual
Genetic recombination takes place between the different nuclei
Production of asexual conidiospores
Form heterokaryotic hyphae
Characteristic
Imperfect fungi
their multicellular tissues are similar to hyphae of sac and club fungi
Examples
Trichophyton sp.
: causes athlete's foot
Penicillium notatum
: source of penicillin
Aspergillus niger
: causes black mold
Habitat
Terrestrial
Animal excrement
Growth Requirement
Oxygen
Aerobic
Nutrients
Insoluble organic substances
pH
Neutral
Water
Does not require water as most of them live on land
Culture Medium
Czapeck dox Agar
Potato dextrose Agar
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA
Habitat
Aquatic
Guts of herbivores: aid in digestion of plain material
Parasitic:
Batrachochytirum dendrobatidis
(infect the skin of frogs)
Reproduction
Asexual
Motile zoospores from a sporangium
Sexual
Flagellated gametes in male and female
Characteristic
Rhizoids with no true mycelium
Only fungus with motile form -- the reproductive cells have flagella
Unicellular or multicelular
Examples
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
: infect the skin of frogs
Spizellomyces palustris
Growth Requirements
Oxygen
Aerobic
Anaerobic: Some can survive but cannot grow
Nutrients
Living organisms
Decaying organisms
pH
Variety
Water
Requires aqua habitat to live
Culture Medium
Tryptone Agar
BASIDIOMYCOTA
Characteristic
Uninucleated mycelia
Commonly recognized by their reproductive structure: mushroom
Multicellular
group includes: smuts & ruts (plant parasites)
Habitat
Terestrial
Freshwater
Marine
Examples
Agaricus campestris
: meadow mushroom
Cryptocuccus neoformans
: cause of meningitis in HIV patients
Reproduction
Asexual
Commonly absent
Sexual
Produce basidiospores
Spores borne on club-shaped structures at the tips of the hyphae
Culture Medium
Malt Extract Agar
Growth Requirements
Nutrients
Available organic matter and nutrients
Water
Water vapor is necessary for basidiospore to spread
Oxygen
Aerobic
pH
Acidic