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Right-Wing extremism (Social movement perspective (The EDL, for example is…
Right-Wing extremism
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Definitions
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Targets: leftist, elite, non-white, homosexuals, Jews, immigrants
Belligerents: Youth gangs, nationalist movements, religious, millenarian movements, racist, neo-Nazi, anti-Semite groups
Levels of organization vary - some are lone wolf actors who act on behalf of perceived common beliefs while other types of violent activity is carried out by hierarchical groups
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EDL
Oriented around anti-Muslim sentiment, with Muslims acting as a scapegoat for social frustration, a channel for expressing disillusionment with the "elite" (Jackson, 2011)
Trying to distance itself from "traditional" far right, so rejects claims of racism and insists that any violence is not condoned and is the work of a few hotheads
Breivik
Saw Islam as threatening Europe, elites as complicit - elements of heavy cross-fertilization of ideas between Europe and the US - drew heavily on a counterjihadi culture that has emerged post - 9/11
The EDL and Breivik highlight some of the definitional challenges regarding the far-right - as they reject some of the traditional ideas of the far-right such as anti-semitism
Navigating the minefield
Bjorgo (1995) definition - discriminatory ideology, focusing on ingroup/outgroup formation, however, difficult to operationalize
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Traditional far right
Nazism + Fascism, Law & order, Nationalism, Racism, Xenophobia, Anti-democratic
Common ideology
Gerstenfeld (2009) outlines some elements/ideas that are present in all right-wing groups
- Power - White and often Aryan over all else 2. Race - separation of whites or natives from others 3. Jews - anti-Semitism and often a belief in a world wide Jewish conspiracy against whites (shared with Islamists) 4. Anti-immigration - often allows them to cross into mainstream politics 5. LGBT - it is unnatural or threatens "family"
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