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Biofilms (Definition (Relevance (Biofilms form on medical implants (e.g.…

- - - - e.g.
        
        Contact lenses
        
        Heart valves
        
        Catheters
      - Persistent infection and inflammation
      - Prevent integration
      - May spread from the site of the implant
      - Removal, substitution and treatment is invasive and expensive
- - - - Fick's First Law
      - The continuity equation
    - - Die
      - Move (via diffusion)
      - Duplicate
      - Leave or enter biofilm
- - - - Gene expression
      - Expulsion from the biofilm
    - - Detect change in
        autoinducer concentration
        
        Regulate gene transcription
        
        Follows a Hill function
  - - - Gene in bacteria A detaches from the main strand
      - Gene escapes membrane
      - Gene is endocytosed by bacteria B
      - Gene is incorporated into bacteria B
    - - Pili from bacteria A connects to bacteria B
      - Plasmid is copied and transported through pili
      - Plasmid is incorporated into bacteria B
    - - A bacteriophage inserts its DNA into bacteria A
      - The bacteria produces copies of the phage
      - A defective phage may incorporate some of the bacteria's DNA
      - These phages infect other bacteria, inserting the carried DNA
      - DNA is incorporated into bacteria B
    - - High cell density
      - Nutritional limitation