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auditory system (auditory structures (middle ear (tympanic membrane,…

- - - - scala media: fluid endolymph (high K+, low Na+)-maintained by stria vascularis (active transport)
      - scala tympani + scala vestibuli: fluid perilymph ( low K+, high Na+)
      - basilar membrane: sound wave
        
        base to apex: width increase, stiffness decrease
        base: high frequency apex: low frequency
    - - stereocilia
        
        TRPA1:
        cation channel
        mechanically-gated
      - hair cells
        
        outer hair cells:
        5% spiral ganglion neurons
        
        cochlear amplifier
        
        motor protein prestin-pulling tectorial membrane to basilar membrain
        amplification of low-intensity sounds
        
        inner hair cells:
        95% spiral ganglion neurons
        1:1 synapses
- - - - tonotopic maps:
        spatial maps of frequencies
    - - firing rate of neurons
      - the number of active neurons
    - - horizontal plane:
        time delay/intensity differences via right/left ears
      - vertical plane: the shape of pinna