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Classification and Systematics (Cladistics # # (Understanding Cladograms…
Classification and Systematics
Levels of Taxonomic Categories
Species
interbreed same species :check:
:red_cross:breed other species
closely related
Genus
closely related species
taxonomists
lumpers
relatively distantly related
grouped together
large genera
splitters
many small genera
few species
extremely closely related
monophyletic
polyphyletic group
Famiy
composed 1> genera
well defined
Order
class
division
kingdom
Cladistics
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#
method
analyzing
phylogenetic, evolutionary relationships
plants resemble
descended common ancestor
synapomorphies
convergent evolution
homoplasies
Understanding Cladograms
diagram
evolutionary patterns
series branches
node
divergence
taxon
common ancestor
symplesiomorphy
apomorphy
ancestral condition
paraphyletic group
#
uninformative
does not help
:red_cross:understanding
parsimony
equally parsimonious
unresolved polychotomy
Cladograms and Taxonomic Categories
basal angiosperms
formal
eudicots
informal name
Other Types of classification Systems
Artificial Systems of Classification
fundamental system
key characters
easy observations
basis of classification
Classification Systems for Fossils
#
artifical
natural systems
goal understand
evolution fossil
identify both
ancestors
relatives
form genera
grouping
same basic structure
together
Taxonomic Studies
type specimen
single preserved plant
same name
protected
fireproof cabinets
isotypes
Major Lines of Evolution
grade classification
kingdom plantae
