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The Reproductive System, Victoria Gomez, Period 2 (Disorders of the…
The Reproductive System, Victoria Gomez, Period 2
Major Functions of the Reproductive System
Female
ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes, oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilized by sperm, the fertilized egg then moves to the uterus so the fertilized egg can implant into thickened uterine lining and continue to develop, and If implantation does not take place, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow. The female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.
Male
To produce, maintain, and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and protective fluid (semen) To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex.
Anatomy of all major male and female reproductive structures
Female
Male
Formation of gametes
Gametes are formed through meiosis.
The first meiotic division is a reduction division (diploid → haploid) in which homologous chromosomes are separated
The second division separates sister chromatids (these chromatids may not be identical due to crossing over in prophase I)
Hormones of the reproductive system and their regulation
Female
Progesterone assists in endometrial re-growth and inhibition of FSH and LH release.
Estrogen is the reproductive hormone in females that assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium absorption; it is also responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics of females.
Male
Testosterone, the hormone responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics that develop in the male during adolescence.
Events of the female hormonal
cycles
Ovulatory
It begins with a surge in luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Luteinizing hormone stimulates egg release (ovulation), which usually occurs 16 to 32 hours after the surge begins. The estrogen level peaks during the surge, and the progesterone level starts to increase.
Luteal
The ruptured follicle closes after releasing the egg and forms a corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. Progesterone and estrogen cause the lining of the uterus to thicken more, to prepare for possible fertilization. If the egg is not fertilized, the top layers of the lining break down and are shed, and menstrual bleeding occurs
Follicular
The top layers of the thickened lining of the uterus break down and are shed, and menstrual bleeding occurs. About this time, the follicle-stimulating hormone level increases slightly, stimulating the development of several follicles in the ovaries. Each follicle contains an egg. The follicle produces estrogen.
Disorders of the reproductive system (STDs & SYIs)
Trichomoniasis: a parasitic infection that is more common in women than men.
Chlamydia: It can infect both men and women. Women can get chlamydia in the cervix, rectum, or throat. Men can get chlamydia in the urethra, rectum, or throat.
Gonorrhea: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can infect both men and women. It can cause infections in the genitals, rectum, and throat. It is a very common infection, especially among young people ages 15-24 years.
Syphilis: a highly contagious disease caused by treponema pallidum and is spread primarily by sexual activity, including oral and anal sex.
HPV: HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Some types can cause health problems including genital warts and cancers.
Genital herpes: is an STD caused by two types of viruses. The viruses are called herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).
