Reproductive system
Anatomy
Formation of gametes
Hormones and their regulation
Major functions
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Disorders
Male reproductive system
Female Reproductive system
To transport and sustain these cells
To nurture the developing offspring
To produce egg and sperm cells
To produce hormones
Ovulatory phase- An LH surge causes ovulation( follicle ruptures and releases a secondary oocyte)
Luteal phase- Ruptured follicle forms a corpus luteum and secretes progesterone( and some estrogen)
Follicular phase- FSH causes follicle to mature and produce estrogen(inhibiting development of other follicles)
the hypothalamus produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the production and release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland
LH stimulates production of the sex hormones (androgens) by the interstitial cells of the testes and therefore is also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
Regulation of the reproductive system is a process that requires the action of hormones from the pituitary gland, the adrenal cortex, and the gonads
An increase in gonad hormone levels inhibits GnRH production
The path from germ cell to gamete occurs through meiosis, in which a germ cell replicates its DNA once but divides twice
After replication is complete, each cell possesses four copies of each of the 23 chromosomes
Gamete production begins with germ cells, which develop in the embryo
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) –Bacteria can make their way up the vagina, through the uterus, and traverse the uterine tubes which open into the abdominal cavity, thus causing pain
Gonorrhea and chlamydia, are typical causes of pelvic inflammatory disease, according to the NIH
Endometriosis – a condition involving colonization of the abdominal/pelvic cavity with islands of endometrial tissue
The organs in the female reproductive system include the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina
The uterus has a muscular outer layer called the myometrium and an inner lining called the endometrium
prostate, testicles, bladder, and other organs