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Reproductive System by: Loraene Lozano Pd:1 (Events of the female hormonal…
Reproductive System by: Loraene Lozano Pd:1
Major Functions
Female
Produce eggs and to nourish the offspring until birth.
Male
It is suppose to produce sperm and deposit them
They both need to transport and sustain the cells and to produce hormones
Hormones of the reproductive system & their regulation
Female
Involve hormones from hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovary. Follicles cells produce the hormone inhibin which inhibits Fh production. This is where LH comes in and develop ova and ovulation
Male
FSH is also in here and it stimulates the sperm production. Lh stimulates the production of sex hormones by cell-stimulating cells. Testosterone is a sex hormone which brings out the muscular and sperm production.
Anatomy of all major male and female reproductive structures
Female
Vagina
It is an elastic, muscular canal with a soft, flexible lining that provides lubrication and sensation.
Uterus
where the eggs fertilize at
Cervix
It connects the vagina with the main body of the uterus, acting as a gateway between them.
Fallopian Tubes
It transports the ova from the ovary to the uterus
Ovaries
Organs that house the ova and are also responsible for the production of sex hormones.
Male
Testicles
Produce spermand house hormones
Penis
Used for sexual intercourse and also to have urine leave the body
Prostate Gland
It secretes fluid that protects and nourishes the sperm
Urethra
It carries urine to the bladder also it ejaculatessemen when reach anorgasm
Epididymis
Carries sperm from the testes to the ducts
Vas deferens
It transports the mature sperm to the urethra and also the tube carries urine
Formation of Gametes
Mitosis
The chromosomes stay the same and then 1 division occurs to make 2 cells. Also homologous do not pair. The the crossover of the homologous chromosomes are rare.Two cells a re made Identical
Meiosis
The chromosomes are halved. Also 2 divisions occur to make 4 cells. Homolugus chromosomes pair during phase 1. Synapses allows crossing over between homologous chromosomes.The 4 cells made are genetically different
Events of the female hormonal cycle
GnRH stimulates FSH andLH secretion
FSH and LH stimulates follicles to grow, mature, and secrete sex hormones. FSH exerts its main effects on the granulosa cells of vesicular follicles, causing them to release estrogen
Negative feedback inhibits gonadotropin release. As estrogen levels ride they exert negative feed back on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Inhibin also exerts negative feedback controls on FSH release
Positive feedback stimulated gonadotropin release. When estrogen reaches critical blood concentration they will briefly exert positive feedback.
LH surge triggers ovulation and formation of the corpus lutemen
Negative feedback inhibits LH and FSH release. SO estrogen and progesterone blood levels exert powerful negative feedback.
DAy 0-4 MenstralPhase
The uterus sheds all but the deepest part of its endometrium. The hormone-dependent layer will detache and will cause bleeding for 3-5 days
Days 5-14 Proliferative Phase
The endometrium builds itself. So in the influence the basal layer of the endometrium generates a new layer. As it thickness it enlarges glands and spiral arteries increase in number
DAy 15-28 Secretory Phase
The endometrium prepares for embryo to implant. Rising levels of progesterone from corpus luteum act on estrogen causing spiral arteries to elaborate
Disorders of the reproductive system (STD & STI)
Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterium with virus like dependence on host cells.
Trichomoniasis
Is a parasitic infection that is more common in women. The characteristic is green-yellow vaginal discharge.
Gonorrhea
The agent is Neisseria gonorrhoeae invades the mucosae of the reproductive and urinary tract
Syphilis
Caused by Treponema pallidum is transmitted sexually. It penetrates intact mucosae and abraded skin
HPV
Causes genital warts. The long term concerns that it can cause cancer in infectedregions
Genital Herpes
Is a herpes simplex virus. The characteristics are blister like lesions that flare up repeatedly