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Reproductive System Elina Shibata (anatomy of all major male and female…
Reproductive System Elina Shibata
major functions of the reproductive system
male
produce, maintain, and transport sperm and protective fluid
produce and secrete male sex hormones responsible for maintaining the male reproductive system
discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex
female
produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction
produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle
enable sperm to enter the body and to protect the internal genital organs from infectious organisms
transport the ova to the site of fertilization
fertilized egg implant into the walls of the uterus,
menstruation (if fertilization/ implantation does not take place)
anatomy of all major male and female reproductive structures
penis ; male organ used in sexual intercourse
semen ; expelled through the end of the penis when the man reaches sexual climax
scrotum ; contains the testicles, as well as many nerves and blood vessels ; climate control system for the testes
testicles ; responsible for making testosterone and generating sperm
labia majora ; enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs
labia minora ; lie just inside the labia majora, and surround the openings to the vagina
Bartholin's glands ; located beside the vaginal opening and produce a fluid secretion
Clitoris ; very sensitive to stimulation and can become erect
formation of gametes
male ; sperm, flagellum, that allows it to move towards the female gamete
female ; egg/ ova, much larger than the sperm and is not made to move
definition : reproductive cells used during sexual reproduction to produce a new organism called a zygote
formation : meiosis, DNA or chromosomes are copied, then split into two cells, then again split into two more cells, leaving half of the pairs of chromosomes in each new cell
haploid cells because they have only one set of chromosomes
when haploid cells unite they will join their single sets of chromosomes to make a complete set and be considered diploid cells
in the female, the egg/ ova mature in the female ovaries and the sperm will mature in the male testes
hormones of the reproductive system and their regulation
hypothalamus produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone
action of hormones from the pituitary gland, the adrenal cortex, and the gonads
FSH stimulates gamete production and LH stimulates production of hormones by the gonads
increase in gonad hormone levels inhibits GnRH production through a negative feedback loop
events of the female hormonal cycles
follicular phase ; pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone, growth of the follicles stimulates the lining of the uterus to thicken in preparation for possible pregnancy
ovulation ; release of a mature egg from the surface of the ovary
menstruation ; elimination of the thickened lining of the uterus
luteal phase ; follicle transforms into a structure known as the corpus luteum
disorders of the reproductive system (STDs and SYIs)
genital HPV
most common sexually transmitted infection
majority of sexually active people in the United States — male and female — will have HPV at some time in their lives
female ; result in cervical cancer and genital warts
male ; penile and anal cancer and genital warts
menstrual cramping
most common disease of the reproductive system occurs with a woman's monthly menstrual period
treatment includes medications that block the effects of prostaglandins and include ibuprofen and naproxen
endometriosis
normally lines the inside of your uterus — the endometrium — ends up outside of uterus
most commonly in the ovaries, bowel or the tissue lining your pelvis