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Reproductive System Ana Chen Period 1 Ms. Yang Honors Anatomy (Major…
Reproductive System Ana Chen Period 1 Ms. Yang Honors Anatomy
Major Functions
Male: produce, maintain and transport sperm, to reproduce and to secrete hormones.
Female: produce eggs, transport eggs, implant eggs, and if this does not take place, menstruation occurs.
Anatomy
Female
Fallopian tubes: locations of the implantation of the gamate after fertilization, left and right sides of the uterus. Carries ovum to the uterus.
Vagina: elastic muscle that connects the cervix of the uterus to the exterior of the body. Receptacle to the male penis during sex.
Uterus: hosts developing fetus, assists in producing uterine secretions and passes male sperm into Fallopian tube.
Ovaries: small almond like glands that produce female hormones (estrogen) and ova (eggs). Develop early in life and during puberty.
Male
Testes: lasting the lifetime of the male, it produces sperm and androgens. Housed within the scrotum.
Scrotum: produces sperm and houses the testes. Also tightens and relaxes to maintain temperature.
Seratoli Cells: secrete signaling for the reproduction of sperm and control whether or not germ cells live or die.
Spermatogenia: can turn into different types of cells and more than likely will become a sperm cell.
Female hormonal cycle: also known as the menstrual cycle which is the shedding of the lining of the uterus, occurring on a monthly basis unless fertilization (pregnancy) takes place.
THREE PARTS
Follicular (before release of the egg): breakdown of the uterine wall (initial cause of bleeding) FSH levels increase slightly.
Ovulatory (egg release): LSH increases slightly and stimulates ovulation and estrogen levels increase.
Luteal (after egg release): LH and FSH decreases. Estrogen levels remain high and top lining released.
Formation of Gametes: occurs through sexual reproduction and meiosis. DNA from both parents is taken into this process. The sperm fuses in the egg and causes meiosis which is also fertilization and causes implantation resulting in offspring.
Hormones
Female:
Estrogen: responsible for the reproduction of sex hormones that develop and regulate the female reproductive system.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): produced by the pituitary gland in the first half of the menstrual cycle. stimulates development of the maturing ovarian follicle and controls ovum production in the female and sperm in males.
Male:
Testosterone: primary hormone that stimulates male characteristics and sexual traits that they carry.
Luteinizing hormone (LH): stimulates the production of testosterone, which produces sperm. Also stimulates deep voice and facial hair
Disorders
STI: chlamydia is a disorder where there is a super contagious bacterial infection that takes place through having sexual intercourse with someone of the same disease.
STD: an example is HIV which can also lead to AIDS and involve the immune system disorder where the humans body's immune system begins to attack healthy cells.