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The Reproductive System Julianna Soto Period 2 (Formation of the gametes…
The Reproductive System
Julianna Soto
Period 2
Formation of the gametes
formed by a type of cell division called meiosis
DNA or chromosomes are copied, then split into two cells
unite they will join their single sets of chromosomes to make a complete set, and then they will be considered diploid cells
female, the eggs or ova mature in the female's ovaries
sperm will mature in the male's testes
Gametes: cells that fuse together during sexual reproduction to form a new organism
Hormones of the reproductive system and their regulation
hypothalamus
controls certain metabolic processes and other activities of the Autonomic Nervous System
synthesizes and secretes neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones.
pituitary
growth hormone;regulates growth, metabolism and body composition.
ovaries :
female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair.
Estradiol
can treat symptoms caused by menopause or removal of the ovaries
can also treat prostate and breast cancer, and prevent osteoporosis.
progesterone
can prevent changes in the uterus in women taking estrogen after menopause
treat menstrual periods that have stopped before menopause
Anatomy of all major male and female reproductive structures
Female
Uterus.
organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth; the womb.
Fallopian tube
a pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
Ovaries.
female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair.
Vagina.
the muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women
Male
the testes
paired male reproductive gland that produces sperm and secretes testosterone and that in most mammals is contained within the scrotum at sexual maturity.
scrotum
external sac of skin that is divided into two compartments; each compartment contains one of the two testes,
vas deferens
tiny muscular tube in the male reproductive system that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
seminal vesicles
each of a pair of glands which open into the vas deferens near to its junction with the urethra and secrete many of the components of semen.
prostate
compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals.
Events of the female hormonal cycles
uterine cycle
proliferative phase
second phase of the uterine cycle when estrogen causes the lining of the uterus to grow, or proliferate, during this time. As they mature, the ovarian follicles secrete increasing amounts of estradiol, and estrogen.
secretory phase
the uterus, the hormone progesterone is produced by the ovaries
Menstruation
vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle; body prepares for pregnancy
Ovarian cycle
ovulation
lasts one day and occurs in the middle of a woman's menstrual cycle, about two weeks before she expects to get her period.
luteal phase
occurs after ovulation (when your ovaries release an egg) and before your period starts. During this time, the lining of your uterus normally gets thicker to prepare for a possible pregnancy
follicular phase
starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation
disorders of the reproductive system (STDs & SYIs)
gonorrhea
A sexually transmitted bacterial infection that, if untreated, may cause infertility.
Genital herpes (HSV)
A common sexually transmitted infection marked by genital pain and sores.
Chlamydia
common sexually transmitted infection that may not cause symptoms.
Syphilis
bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact that starts as a painless sore.
HIV/AIDS
attacks the body's immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the immune system fight off infections
Crabs/Pubic Lice
crab louse or pubic louse is an insect that is an obligate ectoparasite of humans, feeding exclusively on blood
Major functions of the reproductive system
Female
produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction
transport the ova to the site of fertilization
Male
protective fluid
To produce, maintain, and transport sperm
discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract
o produce and secrete male sex hormones
to ensure survival of the species