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Cell Signalling (Signalling molecules (Local signalling between cells…
Cell Signalling
Signalling molecules
Small molecules, such as Amino Acids
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Eicosanoids
Non polar, carbon chains. Regulate pain, blood clotting etc.
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Intercellular signalling
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- Local, growth, cytokines or neurotransmitters
- Long distance, Hormones (Secreted by specialised cells), electrical signals ( send and receive signals through axons)
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Intracellular acceptors
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NO stimulates - Guanylyl cyclase, making cGMP and cGMO decreases cytocolic calcium and relaxes smooth muscle
Receptor
Molecule that recognises specifically ligand and in response to ligand binding brings about regulation of cellular processes.
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Acceptor
Molecule whose activities are modified by binding of ligand but whose function can occur without this interaction
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Signal amplification
- One messenger binds to a receptor - Adenylate cyclase generates 100's of CAMP - CAMP activates protein kinase A - Leads to a phosphorylated protein
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Divergence of signal transduction pathways - Can operate with an entirely different set of molecules
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