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Mechanisms (Classification (Transmitting motion (Linear, Rotary),…

- - - - This is a system of fixed and moveable pulleys, often called block and tackle.
        If we use more pulleys, the system becomes more complex, but less effort is needed to move the load.
    - - A fixed pulley is a wheel that has a groove around it into which a rope, chain or belt fits. It rotates around an axle that is fixed to an immobile surface.
        
        A fixed pulley is balanced when the effort F is equal to the resistance of the load, R: F = R
    - - Is a rigid bar that is supported by a fulcrum.
      - F is the force or effort applied at one end of the bar.
        
        R is the resistance or load which acts at the other end of the bar.
        
        d is the distance from F to the fulcrum.
        
        r is the distance from R to the fulcrum.
      - The law of the lever: F · d = R · r
      - Types
        
        Class 2
        
        The resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort applied.
        
        The effect of the effort applied is always multiplied (d>r).
        
        Class 3
        
        The effort applied is between the fulcrum and the resistance.
        
        The effect of the effort applied is always reduced (d<r).
        
        Class 1
        
        The fulcrum is between the effort applied and the resistance.
        
        The effect of the effort applied can be multiplied or reduced.
    - - A moveable pulley is a set of two pulleys, one is fixed while the other can move in a linear direction.
        
        A moveable pulley is balanced when it satisfies this equation:
        F = R/2
- - - - This is a system of more than two gears, connected together.
        
        The rotary motion of the first wheel drives the second wheel, and so on.
        
        each connected geared wheel rotates in the opposite direction to the wheel it's attached to.
        
        The gear ratio between the drive wheel (1) and the driven wheel (4) depends on the number of geared teeth in the system:
        N4/N1 = Z1 ·Z3 / Z2 · Z4
    - - This is a screw that moves a helical cogwheel that is set perpendicular to the screw.
        
        Each time the screw rotates, the gear moves forward as many teeth as there are grooves in the screw.
        
        A worm screw fulfils this equation: N wheel = N scew · Z grooves / Z wheel
    - - Cogwheels are sets of wheels that have teeth called cogs.
        
        The cogs fit into the spacxes between the cogs of another wheel, one wheel moves the other.
        
        The two wheels and the two axles rotate in opposite directions.
        
        The radio between the rotation velocities of the wheels depends on the number of teeth pn each wheel.
        N1 · Z1 = N2 · Z2 -----> Z1/Z2 = N2/N1
    - - These are two cogwheels with parallel axles that are a certain distance apart; they rotate simultaneously by means of a metal chain or a toothed belt stretched over both wheels.
        
        The two gears rotate in the same direction.
        
        The relation between the rotation velocities of the wheels depends on the number of teeth on each gear:
        N1 · Z1 = N2 · Z2 ----> Z1/Z2 = N2/N1
    - - They consist of two pulleys or wheels that are a certain distance apart. - Their axles are parallel and they rotate simultaneously due to the effect of the belt. - The two pulleys, and the two axles, rotate in the same direction.
    - - It is a system of pulleys with a belt formed by more than two wheels.
        
        All the wheels rotate in the same direction.
        
        The gear ratio between the drive pulley (1) and the driven pulley (4) depends on the relative size of the pulleys in the system.
        N4/N1 = D1 · D3 / D2 · D4
    - - Are made up of two or more wheels that are in contact.
        
        The frist wheel is called the primary drive wheel. When it moves, it turns or drives the second or output wheel,which rotates in the opposite direction.
        
        The radio between the rotation velocity of the wheels or pulleys depends on the relative size of the wheels.
        N1 · D1 = N2 · D2 ----> D1/D2 = N2/N1