Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Chemistry - EoYT (Periodic Table (Transition Metals (They can have more…

- - - - Mixed metals and non-metals
      - He put two elements in the same box
    - - He called this the rule of octaves.
  - - - They get more reactive as you go down
      - React vigorously with water
        
        Produces Hydrogen bubbles
    - - They want to lose an electron to produce +1 ions
  - - - In words equations roman numerals with brackets around them tell you have many electrons are present e.g copper(II) is a copper +2
  - - - This is because they have a full outer shell
      - Go around as one atom
      - Colourless, Odourless, non-flammable
  - - - They want to gain an electron to produce -1 ions
    - - When they react they are called halides e.g Chloride , Bromide
- - - - Non Metals = Negative ions
      - Metals = Positive ions
  - - - They could also damage the environment if washed away or they might even damage human cells
    - - For example, they are very effective catalyst compared to the normal size. They often need less material.
    - - As particles decrease in size, their surface area increases in relation to their volume
      - surface area to volume ratio = surface area/volume
  - - - The monomers are held by strong covalent bonds
        
        The intermolecular are stronger than in simple covalent compounds so they require more energy to break them however they have lower boiling points and melting points than ionic or giant covalent
      - Polymers are made up of long chains of monomers
    - - Bond is very strong as the positive nuclei are attracted to the negative electrons. They have strong electostatic forces
        
        However the intermolecular are very weak and do not require as much force so they have low melting points and boiling points
    - - Fullerenes are molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls
        
        Nanotubes are tiny carbon cylinders. The ratio between length ad diameter is very high
        
        They have very high electricity, thermal energy and tensile strength
        
        They can be used to cage other molecules and trap inside drug molecules
      - Are different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state. For example carbon has diamond and graphite
    - - Also know as Macromolecules
      - For example: Diamond, Graphite, Silicon Dioxide.
        
        Silicon Dioxide is what sand is made of.
        
        Graphite is where each atom forms three covalent bonds. They create hexagonal layers and each atom gives one delocalised electron so it can conduct electricity. The layers can slide of each other due to the weak bonds between the layers.
        
        Diamond has every atom where each has four covalent bonds
      - They have very high melting points/boiling points and they cannot conduct electricity as they do not contain charged particles.
      - In Giant Covalent Structure is when all the atoms are bonded together by strong covalent bond.
- - - - Bohr discovered that instead of a cloud the particles actually orbited the centre in shells.
  - - - Mass = 1/2000 or negible
      - Negative Charge
    - - Mass = 1
      - Neutral Charge
    - - Mass = 1
      - Positive Charge