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JOB ANALYSIS AND JOB DESIGN (Characteristic of jobs (Skill variety Extent…
JOB ANALYSIS AND JOB DESIGN
Workflow analysis
= study of the way work (outputs, activities, and inputs) moves through an organization.
Job design
= Organizing tasks, duties responsibilities, and other elements into a productive unit of work.
influence performance in certain jobs, especially those where employee motivation can make a substantial difference.
can affect job satisfaction
affect both physical and mental health.
Characteristic of jobs
Skill variety
Extent to which the work requires several different activities for successful completion
Task identity
Extent to which the job includes a “whole” identifiable unit of work that is carried out from start to finish and that results in a visible outcome.
Task significance
Impact the job has on other people.
Autonomy
Extent of individual freedom and discretion in the work and its scheduling.
Feedback
Amount of information employees receive about how well or how poorly they have performed.
Person/job fit
= Matching characteristics of people with characteristics of jobs.
Job enlargement
Broadening the scope of a job by expanding the number of different tasks to be performed.
Job enrichment
Increasing the depth of a job by adding responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, or evaluating the job.
Job rotation
Process of shifting a person from job to job.
Business process re-engineering (BPR)
= measures for improving such activities as product development, customer service, and service delivery.
Re-think
Examine how the current organization of work and jobs affects customer satisfaction and service.
Re-design
Analyze how jobs are put together, the workflow, and how results are achieved; then re-design the process as necessary.
Re-tool
Look at new technologies (equipment, computers, software, etc.) as opportunities to improve productivity, service quality, and customer satisfaction.
Employee Teams
Special-purpose team
Organizational team formed to address specific problems, improve work processes, and enhance the overall quality of products and services.
Self-directed team
Organizational team composed of individuals who are assigned a cluster of tasks, duties, and responsibilities to be accomplished.
Virtual team
Organizational team composed of individuals who are separated geographically but linked by communications technology.
talent management
The goal-oriented and integrated process of planning, recruiting, developing, managing, and compensating employees.
job descriptions
A list of a job s duties, responsibilities, reporting relationships, working conditions, and supervisory responsibilities one product of a job analysis.
job specifications
A list of a jobs human requirements, that is, the requisite education, skills, personality, and so on another product of a job analysis.
Work Schedules
Flextime
Scheduling arrangement in which employees work a set number of hours a day but vary starting and ending times.
Job sharing
Scheduling arrangement in which two employees perform the work of one full-time job.
Compressed workweek
Schedule in which a full week’s work is accomplished in fewer than five 8-hour days.
Job Analysis
= Systematic way of gathering and analyzing information about the content, context, and human requirements of jobs.
Task Inventory Analysis
Task Distinct
identifiable work activity composed of motion
Duty Work
segment composed of several tasks that are performed by an individual.
Responsibilities
Obligations to perform certain tasks and duties.
Competencies
Individual capabilities that can be linked to enhanced performance by individuals or teams.
Job analysis guideline
Make the job analysis a joint effort by a human resources manager, the worker, and the worker s supervisor.
Make sure the questions and the process are both clear to the employees
Use several different job analysis tools.Do not rely just on a questionnaire, for instance, but supplement your survey with a short follow-up interview
Performance standards
Indicators of what the job accomplishes and how performance is measured in key areas of the job description.