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Jialin_Yu_Blk4_MM9 (Genes (Degrees of Dominance (Incomplete Dominance: If…
Jialin_Yu_Blk4_MM9
Genes
Degrees of Dominance
Incomplete Dominance: If the hybrid (heterozygous) expresses both alleles in all cells and has a blended phenotype, the two alleles
Codominance: other when some cells of the organism express
one allele while others express the second allele.
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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to properly separate
during cell division.
Sex-linked genes are those that are located on either of the sex chromosomes. Since the Y chromosomes contains very few genes, most sex-linked genes are located on the X chromosome.
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Pedigree Charts
Traits that are autosomal dominant are those coded by genes that are located on one of the autosomal
chromosomes.
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is a family tree diagram that shows how genetic traits have passed through the family
lineage from the ancestral generation to the present.
Traits that are sex-linked recessive are coded by genes that are typically located on the X chromosome and sometimes on the Y chromosomes.
Traits that are sex-linked dominant are coded by genes that are typically located on the X chromosome
and sometimes on the Y chromosomes.
Mendel's experiments
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Monohybrid Cross: is a mating experiment between two individuals to observe how their combination of alleles for a single gene will distribute to the F1 or F2 generation.
cross-pollinated plants and kept a record of the distribution of the characteristics among the offspring from the crosses.
Dihybrid Cross: a mating experiment between two individuals to observe how their combination of
alleles for two genes will distribute to the F1 or F2 generation.
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Probability Rules
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Product Rule: used to determine the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of two or more independent events.