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Central Nervous System (Brain Lobes (Temporal lobes (Auditory &…
Central Nervous System
Brain
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
Body temp.
Hunger & thirst
Control/regulation of autonomic (visceral motor) nervous system
Sleep/wake cycle
Endocrine system
Motivational behavior for food/sex
Involved with emotion and memory
Epithalamus
Penial gland
Produces hormone :arrow_up: melatonin
Thalamus
About 12 major nuclei
Relay station for all conscious sensory signals traveling to cerebral cortex
Except for olfaction :arrow_up:
Can amplify or dampen a signal
Cerebrum
Grey matter of cerebral cortex is superficial
White matter has the 3 types of fibers :arrow_up:
Deep grey matter is brain nuclei
Precentral gyrus & post central gyrus
Cerebellum
Smooths and coordinates body movement
Maintain posture & equilibrium
Receives proprioceptor signals
Vermis: space between hemispheres
Arbor vitae: White matter space
Cerebellar peduncles: Connect brain stem to cerebellum
Superior
Cerebellum to midbrain
Messages to and from cerebrum
Middle
Cerebellum to pons
Messages to and from cerebrum
Inferior
Proprioceptive signals from PNS to cerebellum
Brain Stem
Pons
Pyramidal tracts pass though pons
Midbrain
Corpora quadrigemina
Four bumps
Superior colliculi
Visual reflexes
Subconsciously tracking
Inferior colliculi
Auditory reflexes
Cerebral peduncles
Connect pyramidal tracts; midbrain to cerebral cortex
Medulla oblongata
Decussation of pyramidal tracts
Where cranial nerves connect with brain
Input from sensory neurons
Cardio center
Strength of heartbeat
Heart rate
Respiratory center
Respiratory rate
Reticular formation
Collection of brain nuclei
Controls vital functions
Regulated by the ANS
Vascular center
Dialation/constriction of blood vessels
Blood pressure
Spinal Cord
Posterior/dorsal root
Sensory neuron axons reach the spinal cord though here
Posterior root ganglion
Location of sensory neuron cell bodies
Anterior/ventral root
Motor neurons send their axons out of the spinal cord though here
Brain Lobes
Parietal lobe
Processes sensory stimuli
Wernicke's area
Left hemisphere
Recognizing/understanding speech
Occipital lobe
Visual cortex
Frontal lobe
Prefrontal cortex
Planning
Decision making
Memory
Task management
Problem solving
Broca's area
Speech production
Left hemisphere
Initiates voluntary movement
Temporal lobes
Auditory & olfactory cortex
Recognition of objects
Recognition of written words
Emotional response
Memory
Insula
Deep within lateral sulcus
Gusatory cortex
Taste
General visceral sensations are processed
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Brain
Primary somatosensory cortex
Located
Along the post central gyrus :arrow_down:
Of the parietal lobe
Receives info from general somatic senses
Receives sensory info from:
Neck, head, eye, nose, face, lips, teeth, gums, jaw, tongue
Pharynx
Genitals, foot, knee, leg, hip, trunk
Arm, forearm, hand, fingers, thumb
Primary motor cortex
Located
Of the frontal lobe
Along the precentral gyrus :arrow_lower_left:
Controls motor functions of:
Shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, hand, fingers, thumb
Neck, brow, eye, face, lips, jaw, tongue, swallowing
Toes, knee, hip, trunk
Pyramidal tracts
Descend through the brain stem and spinal cord
Formed by long axons of pyramidal cells
Carry voluntary motor output to the spinal cord
White matter of Cerebrum
Commissural fibers/tracts
Connect one hemisphere to another
From cerebral cortex to thalamus
Corpus callosum
Projection fibers/tracts
Connect to brainstem :arrow_down:
Spinal cord, both ascending and descending tracts
Association fibers/tracts
Connect different parts of the same hemisphere
Blood Brain Barrier
Tight junctions in blood vessels keep harmful substances out of the brain
Protects the neurons of the CNS
Simple squamous epithelium makes up the walls of the brain capillaries
Epithelial cells in brain capillaries join together by :arrow_lower_left: