Pneumonia
definition
general causes
is an infection of the lung parenchyma i.e the alveolar spaces and adjacent .
fungi
bacteria
viruses
myobacteria
clinical manifestations
general debility and weakness
flu like symptoms
chills , fever and general malaise
dry painful cough
pleuritic chest pain
dyspnoea and cyanosis
later the cough become productive
initially the sputum is scanty and rusty brown
Investigative procedures
pulse oximetry
sputum test
chest X-ray for diagnose
blood tests;used to confirm an infection and causative
related diet therapy
leafy green vegetables that can be spinach
oily fish
Citrus fruits;2 servings of these i.e oranges , berries, kiwi fruit and papaya
Probiotics
Water helps flush out waste products and moisten the tissues along your respiratory tract.
nursing care plan
expected outcomes
intervention
oxygenation and ventilation that is oxygen therapy is given depending on arterial blood gas results, in severe pneumonia mechanical ventilation may be required. Bronchodilators if bronchospasm is present.
Fluid and electrolyte balance ;intravenous therapy and also oral fluid intake should be monitored .Monitoring of intake and output is essential and nurse should remember that insensible losses may be considerable due to pyrexia and sweating
possible diseases
Chronic pulmonary diseases such emphysema or pulmonary tubeculosis
upper respiratory tract infections
chronic illness such cancer , DM ,renal disease and cardiac failure
Related pharmacotherapy
Co-amoxilin + clavulanic acid (prevents resistence
2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin
Benzypenicillin and amoxiciln
Moxifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Co-amoxiclav and 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin + macrolide