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Digestive System (Organs of the GI Tract + Digestive Process of Each…
Digestive System
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Hormones
Gastrin
Increases HCL secretion, relaxes ileocecal valve, stimulates mass movements
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Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Produced in duodenal mucosa by duodenal enteroendocrine cells; cause pancreatic secretion, bile secretion by liver, gallbladder contraction
inhibits stomach secretions, stimulates bile release, relaxes hepatopancreatic sphincter to allow entry of bile and pancreatic juice into duodenum
Secretin
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increase bile and pancreatic juice output, inhibits gastric gland secretion and gastric motility during gastric phase of secretion
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Somatostatin
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Inhibits secretion, inhibits bile release and contraction, inhibits GI blood flow
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Reflexes
Enterogastric Reflex
A trio of reflexes that inhibit vagal nuclei in the medulla, inhibit local reflexes, and activate sympathetic fibers that cause the pyloric sphincter to tighten and prevent further food entry into the SI
Gastroileal Reflex
A long reflex triggered by stomach activity that increases the force of segmentation in the ileum and relaxes the sphincter
Gastrocolic Reflex
Triggered by food in the stomach which causes mass movements in the colon. Activated 3-4 times per day
Defecation Reflex
A parasympathetic reflex initiated by stretching of the rectal wall. Causes sigmoid colon and rectum to contract and the internal sphincter to relax. Conscious control allows relaxation of external anal sphincter
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