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Variants of normal posture (Legs (Genu varum (bow legs)…
Variants of
normal posture
Legs
Genu varum
(bow legs)
Pathophysiology
Knees wide apart in toddlers due to broad-based gait
Leg alignment evolves in children with slight bowing of tibia
Pathological bowing in rickets
Epidemiology
Common in young children
Clinical presentation
Knees wide apart when feet together
Genu valgum
(knock knees)
Epidemiology
Common
Pathophysiology
Usually resolves spontaneously
Clinical presentation
Feet wide apart when knees together
Feet
Pes planus
flat feet)
Pes cavus
(high arched feet)
Toes
Intoeing
Clinical presentation
In-toing of feet, leg or hips
Aetiology
Metatarsus varus (adduction deformity)
Medial tibial torsion (reduced lateral rotation of tibia)
Persistent anteversion of femoral neck (femoral anteverted more than usual)
Definition
Adduction of toes, legs or hips
Management
Often nil
Femoral osteotomy if femoral anteversion persists
Toe walking
Pathophysiology
Usually habitual
May be due to CP, DMD, JIA, tendonopathy
Epidemiology
Common in young children