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Lecture 10b: Moral Development (Normative development (Major assumptions…
Lecture 10b: Moral Development
Normative development
Major assumptions
Development is due to cognitive abilities though there are some social influences as well
Measured based on response to moral dilemmas
focus on reasoning about what is right or wrong
Piaget's views
Before 5 years, children were premoral (not really moral) but By 10yrs, moral development would be complete
def of normative developt: stages of developt that the majority of children at a specific age are supposed to achieve
Kohlberg's Stages
Level 2 (Conventional morality)
Stage 3- "Good boy/good girl" orientation
Win approval of others by being a good person (perspective of others matters)
Stage 4-Social order maintaining orientation
Personal duty is impt (eg. As a husband, Heinz should save the wife but also take responsibility as a lawful citizen)
Level 3 (postconventional morality)
Stage 5-Social-contract orientation
Laws are flexible instruments for human purposes
Only follow when consistent with human rights
Stage 6-Universal Ethical Principle
Self-chosen ethical principles (develop their own internal principles)
Abstract values
Level 1 (preconventional morality)
Stage 1-Punishment & obedience orientation
Ignore intentions, focus on consequences, rigid about rules less than 7 yrs old
Stage 2- Instrumental purpose
What is right is what satisfies needs
Exchange theory (if u do smth immoral, u can make up for it later)
Kohlberg's Stage theory
Progresses through stages in order
All responses consistent with current stage
Qualitative changes
not everyone makes it to stage 6 & development not complete by 10yrs old
Limitations
Not all cultures progress through his stages
Gender biases
Based on data only from middle-class boys
Vague & inconsistent
Difficult to classify individuals into just one stage
Gillian's Theory of Moral development
Conventional stage
Self-sacrifice is good in its own right & is driven by care for others
Postconventional stage
Care abt others & care abt the self are integrated
Preconventional stage
Individual survival is all that matters
Pluralistic approach to moral development
Actual domain
Characteristic emotions
Proper domain
Relevant virtues
Adaptive challenge