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MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY (WEEK 4 FLUX AND FOULING (Design (Temperature…

- - - - growth phase
      - charges
      - species
    - - roughness
      - surface tension
      - porosity
    - - temperature
      - viscosity
      - shear forces
  - - - Increased salt passage through membrane
      - Membrane biodegradation
      - Increased energy consumption due high pressure
      - Increased differential pressure and feed pressure
  - - - chlorine
      - ozone
      - iodine and hydrogen peroxide
- - - - size: 20 nm - 0.1 um
    - - size: > 1 nm
    - - size: 0.1 um - 5 um
    - - size: 0.1 nm - 1 nm
  - - - petroleum refining
      - paint, adhesive, solvent recovery
      - semiconductor
    - - gold and uranium recovery
      - landfill leachate reduction
      - plating process
    - - beer, wine and alcaholic beverages
      - milk and cheese
      - bottle water
  - - - very compact system
      - low capital cost
      - not suitable fro viscous system
      - backflushable
    - - have dead spot
      - cannot backflush
      - compact system
      - low hold-up
    - - high cost
      - seal problem
      - low energy requirement
      - time consuming to clean the membrane
- - - - Characteristics : chemically and thermally stable, mechanically robust
      - Disadvantage : Fragile and rigid
      - Material : ceramic, silica, glass
      - Advantage : withstand high temperature, long life time
    - - Characteristic : rigid in glass forma nd flexible in rubbery state
      - Advantage : cost-effectiveness, good selectivity
      - Material : rubbery, glassy type
      - Disadvantage : fouling, short life time, chemically nonresistant