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Lecture 10a: Emotions (What are emotions (Subjective feeling, Desire to…

- - - - Positive emotions
        
        2-3mth: Voluntary, social smiles
        
        3-4mth: Laughter
        
        1mth: Smiles triggered by environment
        
        7mth: Preference for familiar ppl
      - Negative emotions
        
        6-7mth: Fear of strangers
        
        7-12mth: Fear of loud toys, sudden movements
        
        4-8mth: Anger distinct from other distress
        
        8-15mth: Separation Anxiety
    - - Self-conscious emotions
        
        Shame
        
        Guilt
        
        Embarrassment
        
        Pride
        
        These require some cultural learning as well
      - Emerge with a sense of self
      - lec video: only when kid able to have sense of self, then able to experience self conscious emotions
    - - disgust
      - distress
      - newborns can express interest
  - - - Emotions tied to specific body/facial reactions
      - Emotions and reactions present at birth
      - Emotions are innate
    - - Environment influences emotions
      - Emotions emerge with experience
      - Emotion have functions, NOT innate
- - - - Become better at inhibiting/masking emotions
      - Gradual increase in awareness of display rules
  - - - Can label simple emotions (eg. Happy, sad)
      - Can use situational information
      - Appearance of emotive language
      - Huge increase in ability to identify emotions
    - - indicates awareness of emotion but not really any understanding
      - present in very young infants
      - one person's emotions & behaviours directly trigger similar emotions & behaviours in other ppl
- - - - Reappraise the situation "was it really that bad?"
      - Plan other ways to solve a problem
      - Think about something else
  - - - Level of emotional arousal
        
        Parents very intense-->children more intense
        
        Parents very positive-->children more positive
      - Models of emotion and regulation
        
        When & how to express-->Learn to inhibit -ve impulses (hitting)
        
        Strategies for regulation
        
        Discussion of emotions-->learn to recognise emotions
        
        Discussion of emotion during childhood leads to more introspection, better coping strategies in adulthood
      - How children view self & others
        
        Negative
        
        Parents dismiss child's feelings, react with hostility
        
        Leads to more aggression, more -ve emotions, poor coping strategies
        
        Positive
        
        Parents view children's emotions as valid-->more self-esteem
        
        children will then view others' emotions as valid-->more empathy
        
        Parents validate child's emotions, discuss why the child feels that way