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Neuropsychological Disorders (Memory disorders (Retrograde Amnesia…
Neuropsychological Disorders
Visual and attentional disorders
Disorientation
Spatial disorientation
ASSESSMENTS
Visuospatial orientation
Line orientation
Line bisection
JUSTIFICATION
because spatial orientation is a component of visual perception
Distance estimation
Mental transformations
Topographical localisation
Route finding
JUSTIFICATION
because retinal size confused with actual size
Need to distinguish from verbal labelling, inattention, visual scanning, visual agnosia, true spatial disorientation
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS:
Directional orientation
ASSESSMENTS
Body orientation (autotopagnosia)
Standardised road map test
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS:
Visual inattention
Neglect
SYMPTOMS:
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Personal neglect
SYMPTOMS:
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Extrapersonal neglect
SYMPTOMS:
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Ego vs. allocentric neglect
SYMPTOMS:
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Agnosia
Finger agnosia
SYMPTOMS: difficulty distinguishing and recognising fingers
ASSESSMENTS
REHABILITATION
Associative agnosia
SYMPTOMS: unable to recognise objects (can perceive though)
ASSESSMENTS
REHABILITATION
Apperceptive agnosia
Visual form agnosia
SYMPTOMS: unable to perceive structure of objects
ASSESSMENTS
REHABILITATION
Colour agnosia (and anomia)
SYMPTOMS: unable to distinguish colours
ASSESSMENTS
Ishihara plates
Need to discriminate between colour agnosia or anomia
REHABILITATION
Autotopagnosia
SYMPTOMS: disorientation of personal space
Common with aphasia
ASSESSMENTS
REHABILITATION
Memory disorders
Retrograde Amnesia
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: cannot remember info before trauma
Anterograde Amnesia
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: cannot remember new info (STM)
forget names, people, faces, places, facts, knowledge
procedural memory intact
older episodic memories intact
Dissociative Amnesia
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: brief loss of personal memories and autobiographical info
Wernicke-Korsakoff's Syndrome
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: progressive memory loss, worsens over time
poor coordination
loss of feeling in toes and fingers
Transient Global Amnesia
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: temporary loss of all memory
Traumatic Amnesia
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: memory loss from a blow to the head
Prosopamnesia
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: cannot remember faces
Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI)
SYMPTOMS:
planning, organising, decision-making, problem-solving
difficulties following a series of steps
slower speed of thought
problems concentrating
memory problems recalling events
language e.g. speech may become less fluent
visuospatial skills - problems seeing 3D
mood changes, such as apathy, depression, anxiety
VCI patients often aware of condition
Neurodegenerative
Vascular dementia
SYMPTOMS: cover all domains
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Alzheimer's dementria
SYMPTOMS: memory problems
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Lewy body
SYMPTOMS: similar to Parkinson's - motor
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Pick disease
SYMPTOMS:
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Frontotemporal dementia
SYMPTOMS: personality disorders
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Primary progressive aphasia
SYMPTOMS:
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Disorders of Executive Functioning
Core functioning
ASSESSMENTS
Trail-making test
Verbal fluency
Letter fluency (EF)
Category fluency (semantic access)
Stroop test
Tower of London test
Go No-Go tasks
Proverbs
N-back
decide if current stimulus is the same as stimulus N-trials ago
Observations throughout assessment...
Perseveration
Poor planning/anticipation
Impulsivity (starting before the instructions have stopped)
Stimulus-bound (picking up/fiddling with test materials)
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS:
Higher-level metacognitive functioning
ASSESSMENTS
BADS 6 Elements Test
DEX Questionnaire
patient and information ratings
The Hotel Test
Other questionnaires
FrSBE
ratings for pre/post injury
BRIEF
youth (self, parent, teacher) and adult versions
SYMPTOMS:
REHABILITATION
Socio-emotional higher-level
ASSESSMENTS
Iowa Gambling Task
Decision-making
REHABILITATION
SYMTPOMS:
Dysexecutive Syndrome
SYMPTOMS: disinhibition, apathy, memory problems, impulsivity, concreteness, extreme emotional responses, lack of empathy
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Disorders of consciousness
Coma
SYMPTOMS: no verbal response, not obeying commands, not opening eyes, no response to stimulation
spontaneous limb movement
movements of head/trunk
exploration
groaning, grunting
grinding teeth
'chomping'
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
Vegetative State
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: absence of behavioural evidence for self or environmental awareness
Spontaneous blinking
Occasional movements of eyes or head
Aimless movement of limbs/trunk
Facial grimacing
Minimally Conscious State
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: behavioural evidence of self or environmental awareness
Locked-In Syndrome
ASSESSMENT
REHABILITATION
SYMPTOMS: fully conscious but paralysed voluntary muscles, except eyes