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Respiratory System (Pulmonary Ventilation: The mechanical process that…
Respiratory System
Pulmonary Ventilation: The mechanical process that depends on volume changes of air in the thoracic cavity, consisting of inspiration and expiration.
Boyle's Law
Presents the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. At constant temperature, the pressure of gas varies inversely with its volume: P1V1=P2V2.
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Respiratory Volumes:
Tidal Volume: it is the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs with each breath. It averages around 500 ml.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume: it is the amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume. It averages about 2100 ml to 3200 ml.
Expiratory Reserve Volume: it is the amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs. It averages about 100 ml to 1200 ml.
Residual Volume: it is the amount of air that always remains in the lungs. It is needed to keep the alveoli open.
Respiratory Capacities:
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Functional Residual Capacity: it is the sum of the residual volume and the expiratory reserve volume.
Vital Capacity: it is the sum of the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and the expiratory reserve volume.
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Dead Space: anatomical dead space does not contribute to gas exchange. It consists of air that remains in passageways. It is equal to about 150 ml out of 500 ml of tidal volume. Alveolar Dead Space is the space occupied by nonfunctional alveoli. It can be due to collapse or obstruction. The total dead space is the sum of the anatomical and alveolar dead spaces.
minute ventilation: amount of air one moves in one minute. tidal volume X respiratory rate,
areolar ventilation rate: amount of gas that reaches the alveoli . tidal volume - dead space X respiration rate
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Elise Therriault, Jenna Bernard, Sarah Stadler, Emma Stocke