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Cardiovascular System (Anatomy of the Heart (Ventricles (Right pumps blood…
Cardiovascular System
General Functions
Transportation & exchange
Heart pumps blood to circulate
Blood vessels carry blood to rest of body
Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Exchange vessels
Oxygen & nutrients go out
Carbon dioxide & other wastes go in
Veins
Heart
Pulmonary circulation
Heart
Lungs
Heart
Systemic circulation
Heart
Whole body
Heart
Anatomy of the Heart
Position
In thoracic cage
In media stinum (space)
Posterior to sternum
Superior to diaphragm
Outside layers
Fibrous pericardium
Keeps heart from over filling
Keeps heart in place
Cannot see through it
Fibers connect to pulmonary trunk
Dense irregular connective tissue
From diaphragm to great vessels around whole heart
Serous pericardium
Simple squamous epithelium
Areolar connective tissue
Parietal layer
More superficial
Visceral layer
Epicardium
Deeper
Right on heart
Pericardial cavity
Between parietal & visceral layers
Space/cavity
Filled with serous fluid
Reduces friction
Atria
Receives blood
Right receives from systemic circulation
Oxygen poor
Left receives from pulmonary circulation
Oxygen rich
Ventricles
Pumps blood
Right pumps blood to lungs
Oxygen poor
Left pumps blood to rest of body
Oxygen rich
Systole
A period in which a chamber is contracting
Diastole
A period in which a chamber is relaxing
Coronary artery major branches
Right coronary artery
Right marginal artery
Front bottom right long branch
Posterior interventricular artery
Back right long branch
Left coronary artery
Circumflex artery
Front left side branch
Anterior interventricular artery
Front left long main branch
Muscular structures
Chordae tendineae
Strings inside ventricles
Papillary muscles
Holding down strings in ventricles
Trabeculae carnae
Ridges of muscle inside ventricles
Layers of heart wall
Epicardium
Surrounds heart
Simple squamous epithelium
Areolar connective tissue
Myocardium
Heart muscle around ventricles
Twisted muscle in contraction to squeeze blood out
Endocardium
Inside of heart lining
Simple squamous epithelium in heart
Endothelium in blood vessels
Intercalated discs
Made up of desmosome-like structures
Facia adherens
Gap junctions
Passing electrical signals from cell to cell
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Aorta
Arteries
Oxygen rich
Capillaries
Exchange
Veins
Oxygen poor
Coronary sinus
Right atrium
Heart sounds
Atrioventricular valves
Bicuspid/tricuspid
Blood pressure opens valves
Valves close
Makes first heart sound
"Lub"
Semilunar valves
Pulmonary/aortic
Pressure opens valves
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Chordae tendineae & papillary muscles
Stops blood from eversion (going backwards) during ventricular systole
Conduction System of the Heart
Heart has intrinsic electrical system
Keeps heart beating without needing the brain
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Pacemaker
Generates a signal sent 2 places at the same time
Through muscle of atria
No innervation
Through internodal pathway
To atrioventricular (AV) node
Short delay to allow ventricles to fill
To AV bundle
To right & left bundle branches
To purkinje fibers