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ENERGY energy around the world (Forms Of Energy (Electrical energy…

- - - - nothing can be over 100% efficient
  - - - Ee= 1/2re^2
    - - g= 9.8N/kg
      - Law of conservation of mass
        
        mass cannot be created or destroyed
        
        mass must be equal on both sides of an equation
      - weight (force that is pulling down on the object) changes. mass ( the actual weight of the person) does not change
  - - - output force/ input force
      - mechanical advantage
        
        measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system.
    - - electromagnetic waves
        
        light
        
        electromagnetic spectrum
        
        gamma rays
        
        x-rays
        
        ultraviolet rays
        
        radio waves
      - mechanical waves
        
        transverse or longitudinal
        
        vibrations
        
        sound
        
        whistle
      - A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium, but they cannot travel through a vaccum
      - An electromagnetic wave can travel through anything - be it air, a solid material or vacuum. It does not need a medium to propagate or travel from one place to another.
- - - - an electric current which periodically reverses direction
      - Speakers, headphones
    - - an electric current flowing in one direction only
      - battery works on DC current.
    - - Ohm's law
        
        current through a resistor at a constant temperature is directly proportional to potential difference across the resistor
  - - - light bulb
  - - - KE= 1/2mv^2
      - examples
        
        boulder rolling down a hill
        
        speeding car
        
        newton's laws of motion
        
        Newton's third law of motion:
        
        For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
        
        Newton's Second Law of motion:
        
        Force equals mass times acceleration
        
        F= M*A
        
        Newton's first law of motion:
        
        A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force
        
        Free falling object
        
        Terminal velocity
        
        the constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches when the resistance of the medium through which it is falling prevents further acceleration.
      - energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.
    - - PE= mgh
      - examples
        
        boulder on top of a hill
        
        surface tension
      - energy that is stored of an non-moving object
- - - - from splitting particles
      - alpha decay, beta decay, or gamma decay can occur during a nuclear decay
      - emits radiation
      - Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.
      - nuclear fusion
        
        a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles
      - nuclear fission
        
        a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller, lighter nuclei.
      - effects nucleus of atoms
- - - - boyle's law
        
        at a constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure; at constant temperature
        
        the more air is inflated to a tire, the volume decreases
      - Charle's law
        
        Leaving a basketball out during the cold months deflates it.
        
        at constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature; at constant pressure,
      - Gay-Lussac's law
        
        at a constant volume, the pressure of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature; at constant volume
        
        As the temperature increases, the pressure inside the pressure cooker also increases, which makes the food cook faster.
        
        Gay-Luassac's equation: P1/T1=P2/T2
      - Avogadro's law
        
        for constant temperature, pressure, and volume, all the gases contain an equal number of molecules.
        
        As you inhale air, your lungs expand. Similarly, the volume of your lungs decreases as you exhale.
    - - heating curve & cooling curve
        
        A plot of the temperature versus time
        
        temperature will increase or decrease when the substance receives or loses energy.
        
        condensation
        
        change of the physical state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporisation.
        
        evaporation
        
        vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase.
        
        melting
        
        a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid.
      - triple point diagram
        
        Sublimation
        
        when a substance goes directly from a solid to a gas. When sublimation occurs, the substance does not go through the liquid phase. Energy is required for a solid to sublime into a gas.
        
        deposition
        
        phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase
        
        An example of deposition is the formation of frost
      - The combination of the temperature and the pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of a substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.