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Lipids (References (Bio Ninja. (2017). Lipids. 23/04/2019, from Bio Nina…
Lipids
References
Bio Ninja. (2017). Lipids. 23/04/2019, from Bio Nina Web Site:
https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/23-carbohydrates-and-lipids/functions-of-lipids.html
Brazenor, R. (2019) Steroids 23/04/2019 from Britannica. Web Site:
https://www.britannica.com/science/steroid
Greenwood, M. (2015) Lipids 23/04/2019 from Medical News. Web Site:
https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/What-are-Lipids.aspx
Britannica Editors (2018) Phospholipid from Britannica. Web Site:
https://www.britannica.com/science/phospholipid
LiveStrong.com. (2017). Structure of a Triglyceride Molecule. 24/04/2019, de Live Strong.com Sitio web:
https://www.livestrong.com/article/39650-structure-triglyceride-molecule/
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY. (2018). Nomenclature of Glycolipids. 24/4/19, from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY website:
https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbcs/iupac/misc/glylp.html
Paul C.. (2018). Carotenoid Pigments: Definition & Structure. 24/4/19, from Study.com website:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/carotenoid-pigments-definition-structure.html
Main function per kind of lipid
Triglycerides: Function as a long-term energy source in animals (fats) and plants (oils)
Phospholipids: Structural component of cell membranes
Steroids: Act as hormones in plants and animals, and is a structural component of animal cell membranes (cholesterol)
Waxes: Act as a protective layer against water loss in plant leaves and animal skin
Carotenoids: Light-absorbing accessory pigment in plants (involved in photosynthesis)
Glycolipids: Complexes of carbohydrate and lipid that function as cell receptor and cell recognition molecules
Structure of each kind of lipid
Triglycerides
The main molecule that starts the structure of a triglyceride is glycerol. Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule with three hydroxyl groups on them. These hydroxyl groups are the site of an ester reaction with three fatty acid molecules. The fatty acids can be different types, and the fatty acid structure defines the type of triglyceride. The fatty acids are long chains of carbons with bonded hydrogens. These are the parts of the triglycerides that are used for energy production.
Phospholipids
Composed of a phosphate group, two alcohols, and one or two fatty acids. On one end of the molecule are the phosphate group and one alcohol. The other end, consists of fatty acids. (Britannica Editors 2018)
Steroids
Backbone: molecular structure of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings (Brazenor, 2019)
Waxes
Wax is a type of long chain apolar lipid which made up of various n-alkanes, ketones, primary alcohol, secondary alcohols, monoesters, beta diketones, aldehydes,etc.
Carotenoids
Oil soluble molecules, most of them are comprised between40 branched carbon units bonded together. They are composed of conjugated double bonds (Paul C. 2018)
Glycolipids
Lipids with a carbohydrate group attached to them, they have the presence of a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide body to a moiety, common lipids in cellular membranes are glycerolipids and sphingolipids they have glycerol or a sphingosine backbones where fatty acids are connected. The lipid has a polar head and a non-polar tail (INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY. 2018)
Names:
Diego Alberto Quiroz Ledesma (A01745596)
Cosme Amaro Bautista (A01745078)
Carlos Emilio Ramos Barrios (A01745611)
Classification
Divided in six groups six groups:
Waxes
Carotenoids
Steroids
Glycolipids
Phospholipids
Triglycerides
What are they?
Molecules containing hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and function of living cells (Greenwood, 2015)
Main Function:
The most important is energy storage but also they make : Insulation, Structural components of cells ,Hormonal roles ,Protection of internal organs
