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GSR and Distance Determination (Distance Determination (Nitrite Residue…
GSR and Distance Determination
Powders and Residues
Primer residue Burnt propellant Unburned/partially burned powder
Examination
Visual and Microscopic
Physical characteristics seen under a stereo microscope
Chemical Testing
Griess Test Dothiooxamide Test Sodium Rhodizonate Test
Distance Determination
Contact Shot
Ripping/tearing of cloth or skin
Burnt cloth or skin
Nitrite Residue Patterns
Residue deposits assist in determining distance
Smaller diameter and more concentrated amounts of residue = closer shot
Larger diameter and less residue = farther shot
Passage of Bullet
Holes with no nitrite particle residue can show the passage of a bullet
Discharge of Firearm
Lead particulate from muzzle and ejection port