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Reproductive System Britney Escalante Period 5 (Formation of Gametes…
Reproductive System Britney Escalante Period 5
STD & STI
sex: an exchange of bodily fluids this would include sexual intercourse, oral sex, anal sex, exchange of vagina fluids, etc.
std: sexually transmitted diseas
sti: sexually transmitted infection
symptoms: vary considerably amongst different STDs, some might not have any symptoms
std types: parasitic (small bug or worm), bacterial (germ)& viral (particle)
Major Functions
reproduction: process by which new individuals (offspring) of a species are produced
sexual reproduction: reproduction involving two (male & female) parents ; offspring is genetically different than parents (as opposed to asexual reproduction is a single parent making a genetically identical offspring)
fertilization: fusion of egg & sperm that produces a zygote
gonads: primary sex organs
•gonads produce gametes (sex cells) & secrete hormones
male: sperm & testosterone
female: ova/ovum (eggs)
Anatomy of Male & Female
Female
•fallopian tube
•suspensory ligaments
•fundus (top of uterus)
•uterus
•fimbriae
•ultero-ovarian ligament
•vagina
•ovary
•cervix
•wall of uterus
•endometrium
•urogenital diaphgram
•vaginal orifice
•vestibular gland
•mons pubis
•clitoris
•labium minora
•rectum
•anus
•urethra
•labium majora
•pubis
Male
•ureter
•urinary bladder
•seminal vesicle
•ejaculatory duct
•prostate
•corpus gland
•corpus spongiosum
•corpus cavernosum
•vas deferens
•penis
•epididymus
•testis
•scrotum
•urethra
•glans penis
•corona
•prepuce
•bulbourethral gland
•rectum
Female Hormonal Cycle
•typical cycle runs 24-35 days, 28 days on the average
ovarian cycle: occurs n the ovaries leading to the maturation & ovulation of the mature oocyte
•follicular phase: extends from the beginning of menstration until ovulation
•ovulation: triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increase in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland
•luteal phase: when follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes corpus luteum
uterine (menstration) cycle: occurs in the uterus to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum
•menstruation: decline of estrogen & progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become ischemic & die, & are sloughed off or shed
•proliferative phase: estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium, causing it to double in thickness
•secretory phase: uterine glands enlarge & secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation ovcurs
Hormones
Female
•gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH): released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH & FSH (same as males)
•follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): stimulates the development & maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
•luteinizing hormone (LH): spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle (only one)
•inhibin: decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
•estrogen: primary female sex hormone released by follicle (in ovary)
•progesterone: triggers suppression of the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH
Male
•leutinizing hormone (LH): stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
•follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): at puberty stimulates sertoli cells for sperm production & maturation
•LH & FSH: released by anterior pituitary gland in the brain
•gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH): released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH & FSH
•testosterone: stimulates reproductive organ development & sex drive (male & female)
•inhibin: released by the testes when high levels of testosterone are present to stimulate hypothalamus to release gonadotropin inhibiting hormone (GnIH) to stop production of LH & FSH
Formation of Gametes
•male: sperm
•female: ovum (egg)
•gametes: reproductive cells used during sexual reproduction to produce a new organism called a zygote
•diploid: 2 copies of each chromosome
•46 total chromosomes 23 pairs from mom and dad each
haploid: 1 copy of each chromosome
•mitosis: diploid to diploid (making an exact clone)
•meiosis: diploid to haploid (making a gamete) includes crossing over (genetic variation)