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Unit 2: Research Methods (Descriptive Study (Survey (Random Sample,…
Unit 2: Research Methods
Scientific Method
Theory
Hypothesis
Test!
Operational Definition
Replication possible
Descriptive Study
Case Study
Study in depth -> reveal universal principles
Naturalistic Observation
Observe & record bhv in naturally occurring situations
No manipulation
Survey
Random Sample
Population
Sampling Bias
Correlation & Experiments
Correlation
How well 2 variables change w/ each other?
How well both predict each other?
Correlation Coefficient
Scatterplot
Illusory Correlation
Experiment
Random Assignment
Experimental & Control grp
Placebo Effect
Double-blind Procedure
Variables
Dependent
Cofounding
Independent
Goal: validity
Statistical Reasoning
Descriptive Statistic
Histogram
Frequency distribution
Central Tendency
Mode
Median
Mean
Range
Standard Deviation
Skewed Distribution
Normal Curve
Measure & describe grp's characteristics
Inferential Statistic
Can we generalize the result to the pop?
Statistical significance
sample averages are reliable
Diff b/w them is large
How likely it is the result occurred by chance?
Do not determine the result's
importance
When we will generalize? (reliability)
Low-variability -> more reliable avg
more cases > fewer cases
Purpose
To create theoretical principles -> help explain everyday bhvs
Minimally predict and individual's bhv
The underlying processes are the same under varied cultures & gender
Ethics
informed consent
protection from pain/discomfort
confidentiality
debrief