Blocks and Roads

  1. Large plants should be laid in rectangular or block pattern with adequate roadways
  1. Streets are excellent fire breaks
  1. Each unit should have two or more approaches and exits

Give access to all equipment item and emergency purposes.

Facilitates movement and use of firefighting equipment

Allows for escape and provide access for escape for emergency equipment.

  1. Tank roads may be narrow

Should have all weather capability and have turnouts of certain interval.

ROUTINE ACCESS AND EGRESS

  1. Working surface should be designed to avoid slippery condition
  1. Spacing of equipment should consider maintenance access
  1. Access to equipment should be provided, helps to prevent stepping on pipes or other appurtenances.

FIREFIGHTING ACCESS

  1. Access to process area for firefighting and other emergencies should be provided.
  1. Designated walkways should have adequate vertical and horizontal clearance.
  1. Main access ways should be at least 6 m wide

Acts as firebreaks

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL AREA

  1. Area in contact with hazardous chemical should be marked with a yellow line or barrier.
  1. The area should be a yellow painted and yellow chain fence
    ( Can be easily break during an emergency )

SECONDARY CONTAINMENT.

  1. Consist of containment or bund wall around tank containing large liquid
  1. Its a passive system and inherently safe
  1. If multiple tanks are enclosed, spill from one tank need to be considered
  1. If leaks or overfill, liquid is contained

DRAINAGE

  1. Surface drainage should enter storm, not process drains.
  1. Process/oily water drains should not be located near living quarters or control rooms.
  1. Drain system should slope away from storage areas and have sufficient capacity.

Drain can cause failure by allowing different liquid to mix and can even overflow. Certain guidelines helps to minimize the potential problem with drains.

  1. Requires correct protective equipment to pass through the area ( Goggles, chemical resistance clothing and faceshield
  1. Drain valve in the wall has to be checked
  1. Walkways should be free of obstructions.
  1. Access from two direction should be provided between integrated layout process unit.