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Reproductive System (Disorders of the reproductive system (Chlamydia (Four…
Reproductive System
Disorders of the reproductive system
Chlamydia
Four million new cases occur each year,Most common STD, caused by bacteria, and can be cured by antibiotics
Male Symptoms: Discharge from the penis, burning, itching, pain, and fever
Female Symptoms: No symptoms,white or grey discharge, pelvic pain, bleeding,and fever
Gonorrhea
Approximately 650000 people infected each year,caused by bacteria, spread from sexual contact, can spead from mother to child
Male symptoms: Yellow or white discharge, burning, pain, swollen testicle, and frequent urination
Female Symptoms: Yellow or white discharge, burning, pain, bleeding, and fever
Syphilis
Goes symptomless for years,caused by bacteria, spread from sexual contact,and goes thru several stages
Early Symptoms: Painful sores and changing of skin to copper colored rashes all over the body
Late Symptoms: Fever, headache, and can lead to death due to heart attack or brain damage
Herpes
Caused by herpes virus and cannot be cured
Male Symptoms: small sores and blisters
Female Symptoms: Blisters and fever/headaches
HPV
Caused by the humanpapilloma virus no cure but can be prevented with vaccination
Syptoms: Warts,itching,burning
AIDS
Caused by HIV,spread through sexual intercourse, or from mother to baby, and there is no cure only treatment
Symptoms: Fever,fatigue,swollen lymph nodes,weight loss,and opportunistic infections
Pubic Lice
Caused by parasite that looks like crabs,usually located in pubic hair but can be found in any hair
Symptoms: Itching but can be treated using shampoos
Trichomoniasis
Caused by tiny parasite,most common in women,can be transmitted to baby during birth
Female Symptoms: Itching,burning,pain, and heavy discharge
Male Symptoms: No symptoms,discomfort,inflamed penis, but can be treated through oral medication
Anatomy of male and female reproductive structures
Male Reproductive System
Testies
Males primary sex organ,produces sperm
Epididymis
Coma shaped, tightly coiled tube, functions to mature and store sperm cells
Vas deferens
Carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Urethra
Carries both sperm and urine and transports them out of the body
Seminal Vesicle
Produces a thick,akaline,yellowish secretion which makes up 60 percent of semen
Prostate gland
Secretes a milky fluid that helps activate sperm which makes uo 25 percent of semen
Bulbourethral gland
Secrete an alkaline mucus in response to sexual stimulation and lubricates penis for penetration which makes up 5 percent of semen
Scrotum
Divided skin outside the abdomen that holds the testes
Penis
Tubular organ through which distal portion of urethra passes
Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
female gonad,paired almond shaped,organ on either side of the uterus
Fallopian tube
receives the ovulated oocyte and provides site for fertilization
Uterus
Located between urinary bladder and rectum, hollow organ, and receives and retains fertilized egg
Vagina
Extends from cervis to exterior of the body,serves as birth canal
Hymen
partially closses the vagina until it ruptures
Hormones of the reproductive system
Male Sex Hormones
Leutinizing Hormone
Stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
Follicle Stimulating hormone
At puberty stimulates sertoli cells for sperm production and maturation
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
Testosterone
Stimulates reproductive organ development and sex drive, causes secondary sex characteristics
Inhibin
Released by testes when high levels of testosterone are present to release stimulate hypothalamus to release gonadotopin inhibiting hormone to stop production of LH and FSH
Female Sex Hormones
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates the development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
Lutenizing hormone
spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle
Inhibin
decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
Estrogen
primary female sex hormone release by follicle
Progesterone
triggers supression of the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH
Major functions of the Reproductive System
Reproduction
Process by which new individuals of a species are produced
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction involving two parents
Fertilization
Fusion of egg and sperm produces a zygote
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Reproductive Cycle
Ovarian Cycle
Follicular phase Day 1-14 (Extends from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation,FSH causes follicular cells to develop into primary follicle)
Ovulation Day 14 (Triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increase in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland)
Luteal Phase Days 15-28 (When follicle expels the oocyte,the empty shell becomes corpus leteum which secretes progesterone which suppresses FSH)
Uterine Cycle
Mestruation Days1-5 (Decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spinal arteries to constrict cells become ischemic and die, and are slughed off or shed)
Proliferative Phase Days 6-14 (Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium,causing it to double in thickness)
Secretory Phase Days 15-28 (In response to rising levels of progesterone by the corpus luteums the uterus becomes ready for pregnancy)