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2.The Four Main Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (Inheritance…

- - - - It is the mechanism of first putting related attributes and behaviours of something into a self-contained unit (CLASS) and then hiding its data implementation
        by restricting access of instance variables.
      - Instance variables are kept private and accessor
        methods are made public to achieve this
        .
      - There can also be public setters should instance
        variables require mutation.
- - - - Does the type of reference variable
        have this method?
        If yes, go to 2, else go to 4.
        
        Does the type of the object the reference variable points to have this method?
        If yes, go to 3, else go to 4
        
        Execute the method from the object type and not the Reference Variable Type.
        
        Find the nearest parent of object type (not the Reference Variable Type) with this method, and call that instead. If no parent class at all, there will be a Compiler error (cannot find symbol and ClassCast exception if Object ref var type not the same as Object type)