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Enzyme kinetics and calculations (Enzymes as biological catalysts (Highly…
Enzyme kinetics and calculations
The law of mass action
The rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the concentrations of the reactants
Effect of A on initial rate of production of B
Why are enyzmes important?
All life processes are controlled by proteins. A typical cell will have thousands of different enzymes carrying out a myraid of different reactions
Enzymes as biological catalysts
Highly catalytic
Enzymes greatly enhance the rate of chemical reactions relative to the un-catalysed (no enzyme)
Speed up reactions by a factor of 10 ^3-10 ^6
Very efficient catalysts
Highly specific
Enzymes are highly specific in terms of the reactions they catalyse and the substrates they act on
They only react with one or small number very few closely related molecules and catalyse a single type reaction. or a small set of closely related reactions.
Due to its precise interaction of the substrate with the enzymes active site
Mechanism of action
A is converted to B, it goes through a intermediate state, called the transition state,that is higher in free energy.
The difference in free energy between A and transition state is known as the
Activation energy
Enzymes reduce the activation energy for a reaction- which allows the reaction to proceed via a different reaction pathway to the un-catalysed reaction pathway
Substrate saturation is seen by the by the Vmax - Michaelis -menton plot