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Chapter 14 (Vocab (Genotype; genetic makeup, Phenotype; physical…

- - - - Trait; variant for characters
    - - True breeding
        
        Hybridization; cross 2 true breeding
        
        P generation (parent)
        
        F1 generation (hybrid offspring)
        
        F2 is F1 offspring
  - - - True parent 100% dominant or recessive
      - F1 generation; 50% recessive or dominant.
    - - Only applies to genes heterozygous or alternatively, to genes that are very far apart on some chromosomes
      - Followed 2 characters at the same time (color and shape)
        
        Yellow round seeds YYRR & green wrinkled yyrr
        
        F1 plants will be dihybrids
  - - - Alternative versions called alleles
      - Each gene is a sequence of nucleotide at a specific place or locus along particular chromosome
        
        DNA at that locus can vary slightly in its nucleotide sequence
        
        affects encoding of protein function & inherited character
        
        Purple-flower alleles sequence allows synthesis of purple pigment
        
        White flower allele sequence does not
    - - Each somatic cell in a diploid organisms has 2 sets of chromosomes
        
        2 alleles at particular locus maybe identical like true breeding
        
        Or 2 alleles differ as the F1 generation
- - - - the segregation of red-flower & white flower alleles in the gametes male pink flower confirm alleles of flower color heritable factor maintain ID
  - - - Single gene locus; 2 allele variations possible
      - MM only M molecules -------------- NN only N molecules-------------------------- MN mixture of both molecules and both phenotypes exhibited
- - - - Test for disorder using Amniocentestis and chorionic villus sampling
- - - - mu;tiplication gives the probabilities
        
        1/4 (dominant egg & recessive sperm) + 1/4 (dominant sperm & recessive egg) = 1/2 (probability of F2 heterozygous)