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Reproductive System (major functions (male accessory organ (produces and…
Reproductive System
major functions
male accessory organ
produces and secretes seminal fluids
various ducts and tubes which act as delivery system for the male gamete
external genitalia made up of penis and scrotum
epididymis
functions to mature and store sperm cells (at least 20 days)
expells sperm with the controgen of muscles of the epididymis to the vas deferns
vas deferns
carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
urethra
carries sperm and urine- sperm enters through ejaculatory duct
prostate gland
secretes milky fluid that helps activate sperm
shape of chestnut and makes up to 25% of semen
bulbourethral gland/cowpers gland
secretes an alkaline mucus in response to sexual stimulation and lubricated penis for penetration just before ejaculation
pre-ejaculation cleanes neutralizes the traces of acidic urine & makes up to 5% semen
scrotum
regulates temperature of testes for sperm viability
hormones of reproductive system
male sex hormones
leutnizing hormone
stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testorone
follicle stimulating hormone
at puberty stimulates Sertoli cells for sperm production and maturation
both LH & FSH
released by anterior pituitary gland in the brain
gonadortropia releasing hormone(GnRh)
released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland receive lh & fsh
triggered by low levels of testosterone
controlled by negative feedback
testosterone
stimulates reproductive organ development and sex drive
causes secondary sex characteristics
deepening of voice
increased hair growth
enlargement of skeletal muscle s
thickening in bone
disorders of reproductive system
STD facts
only latex condoms prevent the spread of stds
birth control pills do not prevent spread of stds
abstenance (not having sex) is the only way to prevent std
most people with an std experience little to no symptoms
sexually transmitted disease
stds are infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through-- sexual intercorse--oral
also called sexually transmitted infections
symptoms of std
no symptoms
sores
blood in urine
buking sensation during urination
rashes-itching-bumps-warts
chylamydia
four million new cases occur each year
most common std
caused by bacteria
can be cured by antibiotics
male symptoms
pain and swelling in testicles
low grade fever due to inflammation of testicles or epididymis
burning and itching around urethral opening ofr penis
discharge from the penis and/or burning during urination
female symptoms
bleeding between menstral process
lower pelvic or abdominal pain
white or grey vaginal discharge or burning during urination
no symptoms
low grade fever due to infection as infection progresses
anatomy of male/female reproductive structures
female :
fallopian tube
recieve the ovulated oocyte
uterus
recieve /retain/nourishes fertilized egg
vagina
recieves the penis during sexual intercorse
mons pubis
fatty pad overly in pubic area covered by pubis hair after puberty
clitoris
contains erectile tissue
corresponds to male penis
labium majus
skin folds around the vaginal opening
vestibule
contains the opening to the urethra and greater vestibular
perineum
outer visceral peritonium (covering of abdominal gland)
male
anterior
dectus deferense
transports sperm cell from epididymis
bulbourethrai gland
add fluids to semen during the process of ejaculation
testicle
produce gametes or sperm and secrete hormones
foreskin
covering the glands
seminal vessicle
major contributions to the production of semen
prostate
secretes prostate fluid, one of the components of semen
epidymis
transports and stores sperm cell that are produced in the testes
corpus sponiosum
in erection is to prevent the urethra from clositry so penis can engorge with blood
events of the female hormonal cycle
ovarian cycle
occurs in the ovaries leading to the maturation and cumulation of the mature oocyte
follicular phase
1-14// extends from the beginning of menstration until ovulation
fsh causes follicular cell develop into primary follicle
follicular cells severe estrogen to become secondary follicle
only one follicle become gradation follicle
made up of follicular phase (before ovulation and luteal phase (after ovulation)
day 14
triggered by sudden spike increased in lh caused by steady increase in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland
graduation follicle releases the oocyte
slight rise in progesterone just before ovulation causes basal body temperature to rise about 0.4-0.6
lateral phase-day 15-28
when follicle expels the oocyte , the empty shell becomes corpus luteum
corpus luteum secrete progesterone some estrogen and inhibit which suppresses fsh
in the absence of pregnancy corpus letup becomes corpus albicans causing the decrease in progesterone and estrogen
in pregnancy occurs, the corpus leutium continues to secrete progesterone and estrogen
uterine cycle
occurs in the uterus to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilization rum
made up of the menstrural phase, proliferative phase (before ovulation) and secretory phase after ovulation