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CNS (brain (cerebrum (frontal (pre frontal cortex (planning, decision…
CNS
brain
cerebrum
frontal
precentral gyrus
primary motor cortex
fine movement
hands
face
brocas area
speech production
left side
pre frontal cortex
planning
decision making
memory
task management
problem solving
initiates voluntary movement
occipital
visual cortex
recieves and procceses sensory information sent from eyes
parietal
postcentral gyrus
primary somatosentory cortex
general somatic senses
skin
all those receptors
propriocepters
mechanoreceptor
stretch
joint capsules
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skeletal muscle
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processes sensory stimuli
wernicke's area
recoginizing/unerstanding speech
borders parietal/temporal
left side
temporal
auditory+olfactory cortex
recognition
objects
words
writing
faces
emotions
limbic system
interprets
intagrates
white matter
association tracts
long association fiber
connect widely separated cortical lobes.
short association fiber
connect neighboring cortical areas
projection tracts
descend from the cerebral cortex to more caudal parts of the CNS
ascend to the cortex from lower regions
sensory information passes to cerebral cortex
motor information instruction descends from it
Commissural tracts
axons cross from one hemisphere to another
allows to hemispheres to communicate
corpus callosum
largest commisure
unmyelinated and myelinated axons
insula
deep within lateral sulcus
gustatory cortex
taste
general visceral sensation processed
Cerebellum
motor cortex
superior cerebellar peduncle
helps maintain posture
smooths & coordinate body movement
brain stem
pons
bridge between brainstem & cerebellum
pyramidal tracts
connect cerebral cortex to cerebellum
reticular formation nuclei
control autonomic behavior
midbrain
tectum
corpora quadrigemina
superior colliculi 2
visual reflexes
eye tracking
inferior colliculi 2
auditory reflexes
dorsal
peduncles
cerebral peduncle
pyramidal motor tracts
ventral
medulla oblongata
pyramidal tracts
originate from neuron in cerebrum
descend through brainstem
carry voluntary motor output to spinal cord
diencephalon
thalamus
80% of diencephalon
joined by interthalamic adhesion
contains dozens of major nuclei
lateral nuclei
recieve visual input
trans. to visual cortex
ventral nuclei
relay station for sensory info
medial nuclei
recieves auditory input and links to auditory cortex
epithalamus
hormone secreting
secrete melatonin
signals body to start going to sleep
controlled by hypothalamus
hypothalamus
main visceral control center of the body
gray matter
brain nuclei
regulates many functions
sweat glands
salivary glands
body temp
thermo receptors
hunger/thirst sensations
sleep cycle
endocrine sysem
partially
memory
digestive tract
hr/bp
capillaries
epithelium
blood brain barrier
tight junctions
allows in
oxygen
nutrients
fat soluble molecules
alcohol
nicotine
anesthetic agents
doesnt allow
most toxins
spinal cord
white matter
axons
ascending tracts
carry information from sensory neurons to brain
posterior root
posterior root ganglion
cluster of sensory cell bodies
descending tracts
carry motor instructions from brain to spinal cord
anterior root
commissural tracts
carry info from one side of spinal cord to other
neuroglia
gray matter
dorsal horn
cell bodies of interneurons
ventral horn
cell bodies of motor neurons
begins at magnum foramen
ends at
conus medullaris
filum terminale
connective tissue
extends from conus medullaris
connects to coccyx
nerves
enlargements
cervical enlargment
innervate upper limbs
lumbar enlargements
innervate lower limbs
central canal
contains CSF