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Nutritional vulnerability in children (Acute illness (May reduce intake,…
Nutritional vulnerability
in children
Brain growth
and development
Brain grows quickly during
3rd trimester and first 2y
Interneuronal connections sensative
to undernutrition, particularly in prems
Neurodevelopmental delay
Long term
outcomes
Final height
Growth reflective of nutrition
Adult disease
Early nutrition affects CAD, DM, stroke, HTN
Fuel in-utero: foetal overnutrition due to maternal obesity, DM
Foetal undernutrition: with postnatal overnutrition
Accelerated postnatal growth: overnutrition, excessive protein
Low nutritional
stores
Low fat and protein reserves
Particularly in premature and small children
High nutritional
demand
Rapid growth in infancy so
need high requirements
Risk of growth failure greatest in
first 6m vs older childhood
Greatest demand in first 3m,
then reduces by 1y, further by 5y
Acute illness
May reduce intake
May be more susceptible to infections
Weight easily lost (catabolic state)
Catch up growth needed, if severe
may need parenteral feeds or enteral