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Characteristics of OC: Divided into 4 Categories (Structural (members have…
Characteristics of OC: Divided into 4 Categories
Structural
members have different jobs/positions within
these different levels create insulation of higher echelons
more buffers=more protection
Two or more people involved
The relationship of these members can be ethnicity or business
these people conspire to commit crime
members begin to develop ways to communicate
security measures taken to prevent prosecutions (e.g. disposable phones, pat downs, electronic sweeping)
Institutional
Motivation
this motivation is not political/ideological, but centered around making money
Sophistication
helps insulate members and maximize profits
linked to more cyber crime
Continuity
OC groups are meant to last beyond the members life
members become "career" criminals
some members may have legit jobs or hide behind fake jobs
Membership
recruitment is designed to bring in people with specialized skills and resources
this can be based on race, criminal record, nationality
now more closely seen as who can earn money
Commercial
most activities are profit-oriented
Goods/Services are provided by OC groups
Goods include cigarettes & alcohol (bootlegged), drugs, stolen weapons
Services would include things like prostitution and gambling
these service and goods are usually a monopolistic goal
groups seek to maintain control through violence (e.g. Quebec Biker War
These activities are in constant demand from members of the public
these people are seen as a loyal and voluntary consumer base
Consensual/Predatory Crimes
Belief is that there are no victims in consensual crime
In predatory crimes, victims feel emotional or physical pain and/or financial loss
Some tactics are used to support commercial acts
this includes legitimate businesses to generate money
some businesses act as a method to launder money
some groups use or corrupt government officials
may use violence to deter others from interfering with activities
some groups use electronic counter measures to protect themselves from police and other criminal orgs
Behavioural
Rationality
OC is the most rational choice to members of OC group
Contempt
this is a rebellion against the system (e.g. anti-establishment)
Rules & Regulations
secret, verbal codes. used to maintain discipline
there are strict forms of discipline as serious as death