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Findings Week #8 (Social Capital (Roland (Eight Forms of Capital…

- - - - Intellectual Capital
        
        intellegence
      - Financial Capital
        
        money, currencies, securities, other instruments of the global financial system
      - Experimental/Human Capital
        
        organizing a project in our communities
      - Material Capital
        
        non-living physical objects
      - Spirtual Capital
        
        more personal, religious
      - Social Capital
        
        influences
      - Cultural Capital
        
        "Cultural capital describes the shared internal and external processes of a community – the works of art and theater, the songs that every child learns, the ability to come together in celebration of the harvest or for a religious holiday" (Roland, 2014, p. 2).
      - Living Capital
        
        animals, plants, water and soil of our land
  - - - “By identifying this function of certain aspects of social structure, the concept of social capital constitutes both an aid in accounting for different outcomes at the level of individual actors and an aid toward making the micro-to-macro transitions without elaborating the social structural details through which this occurs.” (Coleman, 1988, p. 101)
      - “In some social structures, it is said that "people are always doing things for each other." There are a large number of these credit slips outstanding, often on both sides of a relation (for these credit slips appear often not to be completely fungible across areas of activity, so that credit slips of B held by A and those of A held by B are not fully used to cancel each other out).” (Coleman, 1988, p. 102)
      - HUMAN CAPITAL AND SOCIAL CAPITAL
        
        “Probably the most important and most original development in the eco- nomics of education in the past 30 years has been the idea that the concept of physical capital as embodied in tools, machines, and other productive equipment can be extended to include human capital as well (see Schultz 1961; Becker 1964). Just as physical capital is created by changes in materials to form tools that facilitate production, human capital is created by changes in persons that bring about skills and capabilities that make them able to act in new ways” (Coleman, 1988, pg. 100).
        
        “If physical capital is wholly tangible, being embodied in observable material form, and human capital is less tangible, being embodied in the skills and knowledge acquired by an individual, social capital is less tangible yet, for it exists in the relations among persons.” (Coleman, 1988, p. 100)
      - Information Channel
        
        “An important form of social capital is the potential for information that inheres in social relations. Information is important in providing a basis for action. But acquisition of information is costly. At a minimum, it requires attention, which is always in scarce supply” (Coleman, 1988, pg. 104)
      - Norms and Effective Sanctions
        
        “When a norm exists and is effective, it constitutes a powerful, though sometimes fragile, form of social capital. Effective norms that inhibit crime make it possible to walk freely outside at night in a city and enable old persons to leave their houses without fear for their safety. Norms in a community that support and provide effective rewards for high achievement in school greatly facilitate the school's task” (Coleman, 1988, pg. 104).
      - SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE CREATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL
        
        “Both social capital in the family and social capital in the community play roles in the creation of human capital in the rising generation” (Coleman, 1988, p. 109).
        
        Social Capital in the Family
        
        “Ordinarily, in the examination of the effects of various factors on achievement in school, "family background" is considered a single entity, distinguished from schooling in its effects. But there is not merely a single "family background"; family background is analytically separable into at least three different components: financial capital, human capital, and social capital” (Coleman, 1998, pg. 109).
        
        Social Capital outside the Family
        
        “The social capital that has value for a young person's development does not reside solely within the family. It can be found outside as well in the community consisting of the social relationships that exist among parents, in the closure exhibited by this structure of relations, and in the parents' relations with the institutions of the community” (Coleman, 1988, pg. 113).