Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Internal divisions within Outremer (1177: The battle of Montisgard (1177:…
Internal divisions within Outremer
Baldwin IV: The regency of Raymond of Tripoli
1174: at 13 Baldwin became king
his closest male relative in Outremer became his regent
Raymond was seen as best hope for the Kingdom BUT had enemies who criticised him for wanting to reach peace with Saladin
1176: Baldwin turned 15 + Raymond left for Tripoli
Baldwin then decided to attack Egypt with Philip of Flanders and Byzantium
This failed because he disagreed with Philip of Flanders and Byzantines about ownership of land
The emergence of Factions
As Baldwin IV became sicker, factions started to form
those who supported his paternal line: Raymond of Tripoli
Party of "old families
members
constable Humphrey II of Toron
The ibelins
Reynald of Sidon
William of Tyre
After Raymond spent 10 years as a captive with Muslims he knew them well and wanted peace with them
Those who supported his maternal line: Agnes
members
Reynald of Chatillon
after being captive by Muslims had lost hold on Antioch
Through marriage had acquired Oultrejordan
Guy and Aimery of Lusignan
ambitious Poitevins
had been expelled from native province by Richard the Lionheart
Joscelin III de Courtenay
was Count of Edessa
now Lord of Acre
Brother of Agnes, the King's mother
Agnes, the King's mother
greedy for power and money
used her position to have her son appoint her allies to key positions e.g. appointed Joscelin as Seneschal of Jerusalem in 1177
Military orders
Master of the Templars, Gerard de Ridfort, held a bitter personal grudge against Raymond
later known as the "court party"
The Marriage of Sybilla and Guy of Lusignan
1180: Bohemond III of Antioch and Raymond advanced on Jerusalem
King panicked and married Guy and Sybilla
victory for Court Party
Guy made Count of Jaffa and Ascalon
Isabella Amalric's daughter married to Humphrey of Toron who was controlled by stepfather Reynald de Chatillon
Both factors meant that Court party was ruling in early 1180s
blow for old families
alternative, Baldwin of Ramleh, was head of Ibelins and was offended
Raymond forbidden from entering Kingdom of Jerusualem in 1182
Divisions because of this meant that Outremer was more difficult to defend
victory at Montisgard against Saladin in 1177 BUT couldn't follow victory up
1183: Baldwin IV now blind and partially paralysed gave Guy regency
but still kept control of Jerusalem
within months, suspicious of Guy, Baldwin took back control
compromised to make Baldwin V co-king
1184: Baldwin unsuccessfully tried to dissolve Guy and Sybilla's marriage
Raymond made regent again until Baldwin died in 1185
no opposition to succession + Raymond's regency
BUT king died a year later, Raymond was outmaneuvered and Guy was crowned king
Why did Guy lose the regency in 1183
1183: Saladin marched south from Aleppo
Guy was made commander in chief because Baldwin was ill
he had never had a position like this before but there was no one else to do it
Guy gathered troops at Suffuriya
small-scale fight with Saladin proved victory for the Franks
Saladin then tried to provoke Franks by attacking Mount Tabor
tactic did not work and he withdrew to Damascus
Franks withdrew to Saffuriya
seen as a failure because there was no major engangement
This failure was paired with Guy's refusal to give Tyre to Baldwin
The king wanted to settle on the coast where the climate would suit his condition better
Guy did not want to lose the revenue from Tyre
1183: Siege at Kerak
Saladin's attack on the castle planned to happen during Isabella and Humphrey's wedding
didn't attack section with Bride and Groom in because they sent food to him
siege was very vigorous and Saladin's Mangonels meant that the walls could not be manned
castle needed reinforcements so Baldwin called barons not present at the wedding to a council in Jerusalem
at this council he stripped Guy of his regency because he couldn't trust guy to inspire lords to victory
Baldwin assumed control again and crowned his nephew, Baldwin V as co-king
After Kerak
siege was relieved by the army of Jerusalem led by Raymond and including Guy
Guy and Sybilla retired to Ascalon and refused to attend the king when he was trying to have their marriage annulled
this was successful because the king died in 1185
1177: The battle of Montisgard
1177: siege of Harim
Before Philip of Flanders left
castle had been taken by his father in 1158 but Nureddin had retaken it in 1164
Raymond of Tripoli was present in 1164 and was imprisoned for 10 years
he wanted revenge in 1177
wanted Harim because they refusedto recognise overlordship of Aleppo and looked to Franks for protection
Bohemond III of Antioch would become ruler if they took it
Exodus of troops = opportunity for Saladin
Reynald de Chatillon lead defence
marched troops to meet Saladin at Ascalon
saw how he was outnumbered so Baldwin decided they should go back to safety of Ascalon
Saladin got cocky about his superior manpower
let his men plunder the coastal region w/o precaution of leaving men to watch Ascalon
Reynald used this to contact Templars of Gaza
lead combined force across coast w/o Saladin's knowledge + as Muslim's crossed a stream on a hill (Montisgard) the Franks struck
Saladin caught by surprise
some troops still plundering and those that were there were not in formation
Reynald lead successful charge
then found the raiders and dealt with them quickly
Consequences
defeat for Saladin
BUT victory for Baldwin meant that chances of receiving reinforcements from the West were weakened
The Castle at Jacob's Ford
Built after victory at Montisgard
aggessive act intended to put more pressure on Saladin
this worked because Saladin tried to pay off their expenses if they stopped
offered failed = Saladin forced into military action
1179: Saladin attacked the castle
Baldwin couldn't send reinforcements and castle fell within five days
Saladin destroyed castle and killed all Templars inside
castle no longer posed threat but epidemic amongst troops meant that he couldn't follow up victory