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Nervous System (Organization of the Nervous System (Peripheral Nervous…
Nervous System
Organization of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Structure
Brain
Spinal cord
Function
Receive and process sensory input
Respond to sensory input when necessary
Peripheral Nervous System
Structure
Spinal nerves
Cranial nerves
Function
Transmit nerve impulses
Types of sensory and motor fibers in the PNS
Somatic Sensory
Senses
Touch
Pain
Temperature
Vibration
Proprioception
Location
Skin
Body wall
Limbs
Visceral Sensory
Located in viscera
Senses stretch, pain, temperature, nausea and hunger
Visceral Motor
Location
Smooth muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands
Innervates the viscera
Somatic Motor
Found in skeletal muscle
Responsible for voluntary movement
Anatomy of the Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Composed of peripheral nerves
Types of glial cells in the PNS
Satellite cells
Found surrounding neuron cell bodies in ganglia
Regulate the exchange of materials between neuron cell bodies and environment
Provide structural support
Schwann cells
Responsible for myelination of axons in the PNS
Ganglia
A collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
Central Nervous System
Composed of the brain and spinal cord
Types of glial cells in the CNS
Astrocytes
Most abundant type of glial cell
Help maintain the correct chemical environment
Microglia
Phagocyte of the CNS
Defend against invaders
Dispose of damaged material
Mobile
Ependymal cells
Line ventricles of the brain
Produce and circulate CSF
Have both microvilli and cilia
Oligodendrocytes
Responsible for the myelination of axons in the CNS
Nucleus
A collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS
Gray matter
Composition
Neuron cell bodies
Dendrites
Unmyelinated axons
Axon terminals
Location
Cortex (outer part of the brain)
Inner nuclei
White matter
Composition
Neuron cell bodies
Myelinated axons
Unmyelinated axons
Location
Deep to the cortex
Outer portion of the spinal cord
Responsible for integration of sensory information from PNS