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Chapter 21:Vascular Plants Without Seeds (The Megaphyll Line of Evolution:…
Chapter 21:Vascular Plants Without Seeds
Concepts
Dibiontic Life Cycle
Monobiontic
Interpolation Hypothesis
Transformation Theory
Early Vascular Plants
Rhyniophytes
equal dichotomous branching
no separate microspores and megaspores
Xylem Structure of Early Vascular Plants
Protostele
Endarch Protostele
Exarch Protostele
Siphonostele
Seed Plants
Zosterophyllophytes
small herbs without secondary growth
enations
The Mirophyll Line of Evolution: Lycophytes
Morphology
microphylls
looks like bark
Heterospory
Cones or Strobili
Extant Genera
ligule
CAM
The Megaphyll Line of Evolution: Euphyllophytes
overtopping
Pseudomonopodial Branching
Origin of Megaphylls (Euphllys)
telome theory
telomes
Monilophytes
Equisetophytes
horsetails or scouring rushes
sporangiophore
Monopodial Growth
Ferns
Leptosporangiate Ferns
Leaf Trace
Leaf Gap
Sori or sorus
Eusporangia and Leptosporangia
initiated when several surface cells undergo periclinal divisions
Psilotum and Tmesipteris
two small genera contain the simplest of all living vascular plants
The Term "Vascular Cryptogams"
"ferns and fern allies"
lack seeds in their reproduction
Botany and Beyond: Molecular Studies of the Evolution of Early Land Plants
The evolutionary relationships of early land plants are still not understood well
analysis of the arrangement of genes in chloroplasts has been used to investigate
Chloroplast genomes are quite stable and this type of rearrangement is rare
Botany and Beyond: Form Genera
created for types of isolated organs, tissues, spores, or pollen
Many fossil leafs found appear to be distinct from all others
even when two form genera has been shown to be parts of the same species, it is still often much simpler to continue using the names of the forma genera
