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Parenting and Caring (Types of Services (formal) (Financial Support (Helps…

- - - - Adoption
        
        The legal process where all legal rights and responsibilities are transferred from birth parents to adoptive parents.
        
        Legal (legislation)
        
        'Adoption Act 2000 (NSW)' and Family Law Act 1975 (Cth)
        12+ must consent to adoption
        Legally binding by the Supreme Court (NSW)
        
        Technological
        
        Access to legal termination
        Access to records = easier to find people
        Improvements in contraception = less children
        
        Social (community beliefs)
        
        Media= positive
        Gay parents = increased
        Process is long and exhaustive
      - Fostering
        
        An alternative living arrangement for children whose parents are temporarily unable to care for them in the family home.
        
        Legal (legislation)
        
        Carer Allowance,
        Child and Young Persons Act 1998(NSW),
        Can not make medical decisions or legal proceedings on the child behalf
        
        Social (community belief)
        
        More socially acceptable,
        Create a cultural connection,
        families feel they are giving back to the community,
        conflict with birth parents and the child
        
        Technological
        
        Social media= access to birth parents
        Positive stories from the media
      - Step-parent
        
        A man or women who marries or forms a defacto relationship with a partner who has a child or children from a previous relationship.
        
        Legal (legislation)
        
        No legal responsibility for the child
        Guardianship
        Medical authorities may consult them if the biological parent is absent
        
        Technological
        
        Experience the same cost problems due to technology advancements.
        Issues remarrying = children = need for technology for birthing
        
        Social (community belief)
        
        Common= Social acceptance, remarrying and increasing divorce rates.
        Conflict between children and step-parent.
      - Surrogacy
        
        An arrangement between a couple who cannot have a baby and a women who gets pregnant on the couple's behalf; the child is handed to the couple after delivery.
        
        Legal (legislation)
        
        Surrogacy Act 2010 (NSW) = commercial surrogacy illegal
        Fines up to $110 000 and 2 years imprisonment
        Altruistic surrogacy is legal in NSW and Australia Capital.
        
        Social (community beliefs)
        
        Controversial area,
        many religions are against any unnatural form of conception.
        
        Technological
        
        'social infertility'- freezing eggs using them later in life.
        Natural conception not achieved eggs may be used
- - - - Government-funded and administered groups
        -Centrelink
        -Department of Health
        -NSW Health
    - - Welfare agencies + community services
        -Rotary = youth leadership programs.
        -Meals on Wheels
        
        Various physical activity organisations
  - - - Help look after dependent + emotional support
    - - Trusted individuals + good advice
        Might also have children = look after each other kids.
    - - Partner(father) - Role is shared between parents
        Step-parent - Source of emotional + financial support
        Siblings - Give respite for parent + help with satisfying needs.
        Grandparents - Help with childcare + trustworthy
- - - - Dependent skills influence the carers role
        Adolescents = learn to look after themselves
        Carers = teach skills to dependent
        Childcare changes teaching tactic to better fit the child
    - - Illness + disability + allergies + gifted children
        Unable to communicate = impact ability to build (+) relationship
        Disabilities + frustrations = anger ((-) relationship)
    - - Influence their specific needs
        Child= support for food, clothing + safety
        Babies= rely on parents for everything
        Carers= change roles during the lifespan of the dependant.
  - - - Previous Experience + Own Upbringing
        
        Evolving practice + gain training for next dependent.
        Personal upbringing = influence the type of style they choose
      - Multiple Commitments
        
        Due to many roles =need to develop a managing strategy
      - Education
        
        Level of knowledge = how successful they are at their role
      - Socioeconomic Status
        
        Parents occupation = impact bonding time with child
      - Religion/Spirituality
        
        Depending on the individuals belief = either - or + impact.
        Influences the child's education and social activities
      - Spacial Needs
        
        Needing more support.
        Can enhance or decrease relationship between the individuals
      - Culture, Customs and Tradition
        
        Need continue the culture to child = bonding with family group
    - - Media Stereotypes
        
        Opinions expressed through TV, radio and the internet.
        Advertisement + films = show traditional women being carers.
      - Gender expectations
        
        Parents = role models for 'male' and 'female'
        Parents expectations = shaping the child's sense of identity.
        Carers = normally known to be female, due to traditional female = nurturing.
      - Community Attitudes
        
        Refers to the prevailing norms of people
        = prescribed behaviours, standards of dress, methods of education (homeschooling vs public) or acceptable activities (breastfeeding)