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Macrovascular complications (Definition (Are primarily diseases of the…
Macrovascular complications
Definition
Are primarily diseases of the coronary arteries, peripheral arteries and cerebrovasculature
Causes
Inflammation and injury of the arterial wall of the peripheral or coronary vascular system
Risk factors
Hyperglycaemia
Pathophysiology
The macrovascular complications result from hyperglycaemia, excess free fatty acid, and insulin resistance .These cause increased oxidative stress, protein kinase activation and activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products, factors that act on the endothelium
Signs and Symptoms
Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Dysrhythmias
Medical management
Aspirin is given for prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Nursing management
Checking blood pressure and blood glucose level at regular intervals
Health Education
Exercise
Avoid smoking
Avoid eating diet rich in cholesterol
Nursing Care Plan
Monitor urine albumin to serum creatinine for renal failure.
Assess the patient’s current knowledge and understanding about a prescribed diet.
Assess the pattern of physical activity, the patient should avoid strenuous activities.
Monitor the signs of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia.