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Reproductive (Anatomy of the Sperm (Flagella (tail)- only human cell with…

- - - - Discharge from the penis and/ or burning or urination
      - Burning & itching around urethral opening of penis
      - Pain & swelling in testicles
      - Low grade fever due to inflammation of testicles or epididymis
    - - No symptoms
      - White or grey vaginal discharge or burning during urination
      - Lower pelvic or abdominal pain/pelvic (inflammatory disease or PID)
      - Bleeding between menstrual periods
      - Low grade fever due to infection as infection progresses
  - - - Yellow or white drip/discharge from penis
      - Burning or pain when urinating
      - Frequent urination
      - Swollen testicles
    - - Yellow or white discharge from vagina
      - May be burning or pain when urinating
      - Bleeding between periods & heavier or more more painful periods
      - Cramps or pain in lower abdomen
      - Nausear or fever
  - - - Painful sores at point of contact called chancres
      - Chancres can turn to copper-colored skin rashes on hand & feet or cover entire body
    - - Fever, headache, loos of appetite
      - Symptoms disappear but bacterium remains in body & eventually travel to other organs including brain, eyes, heart, etc causing organ damage
      - Can lead to death in ten to thirty years due to heart attack or from bain damage
- - - - Stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
    - - At puberty stimulates sertoli cells for sperm production & maturation
    - - Released by anterior pituitary gland in the brain
    - - Released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH & FSH
    - - Stimulate reproductive organ development and sex drive
    - - Released by the testes when high levels of testosterone are present to release stimulate hypothalamus to release gonadotropin inhibiting hormone (GnIH) to stop production of LH and FSH
  - - - Released by hypothalamus in the to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH & FSH
    - - Stimulates the development & maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
    - - Spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle (only one)
    - - Released by anterior pituitary gland in the brain
    - - Decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
    - - Primary female sex hormone released by follicle
    - - Triggers suppression of the hypothalamus from releasing GNRH
- - - - Day 14
      - Extends from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation
      - FSH causes follicular cells develop into primary follicle
      - Follicular Cell secrete estrogen to become follicle
      - Only one follicle become Graafian follicle
    - - Day 14
      - Triggered by sudden spike increases in LH caused by steady increase in estrogen stimulating at the pituitary gland
      - Graafian follicle releases he oocyte
      - Slight rise in progesterone just before ovulation causes basal body temperature
    - - Day 15-28
      - When follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes corpus luteum
      - Corpus luteum secretes progesterone, some estrogen & inhibin which suppresses FSH
      - In the absence of pregnancy, corpus luteum becomes corpus albican causing the decrease in progesterone & estrogen
      - If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone & estrogen
  - - - Day 1-5
      - Decline of estrogen & progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become ischemic & die & are sloughted off or shed
      - Bleeding last for 3-5 days
    - - Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium, causing it to double in thickness
      - Thickening to endometrium allows ovulated egg to be caughtto cause implantation
      - Day 16-14
    - - Day 15-28
      - In response to rising levels of progesterone by the corpus luteum, the uterus becomes ready for pregnancy
      - Uterine glands enlarge & secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs
      - If pregnancy does not occur, towards the end of phase, drop due to high levels of progerterone
      - Progesterone levels drop following decline in LH, leading into menstrual phase