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Endocrine Glands (Anterior Pituitary (ACTH (corticotropin) (Stimulates…
Endocrine Glands
Anterior Pituitary
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LH
In females stimulates ovulation, in males stimulates testosterone secretion. T.O. = reproductive organs
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Prolactin
In females stimulates milk production, in males regulates reproductive system, in both balances electrolytes. T.O. = accessory sex organs
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Adrenal Corex
Glucocorticoids
Elevate blood glucose during long term stress, stimulate use of fat and proteins for energy. T.O. = liver, muscles
Nuclear hormone receptors (genomic action stimulates genetic transcription. nongenomic action when bind to plasma membrane and utilize secondary messenger)
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Mineralcorticoids
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Nuclear hormone receptors (genomic action stimulates genetic transcription. nongenomic action when bind to plasma membrane and utilize secondary messenger)
Thyroid
Thyroxine (T4)
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Becomes T3, then promotes growth/development, stimulates BMR. T.O. = many organs
Calcitonin
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Helps regulate blood calcium levels (reduces blood calcium and inhibits osteoclast activitiy. T.O: bone
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Promotes growth/development, stimulates BMR. T.O. = many organs
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Posterior Pituitary
Anti-diuretic hormone
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Increases water retention, conservation of body's water supply. T.O. = kidneys, blood vessels
Oxytocin
In males stimulates desire to cuddle, smooth muscle contraction during ejaculation. T.O. = testes
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Pineal
Melatonin
Causes drowsiness, regulates circadian rhythms. T.O. = brain
Adenylate Cyclase Second Messenger System- BUT note, this is the only nonpolar molecule that can cross membranes and can be taken orally
Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine
Enhances flight or fight response to stress. T.O. = blood vessels, bronchioles, heart
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Norepinephrine
Enhances flight or fight response to stress. T.O. = blood vessels, bronchioles, heart
Adenylate Cyclase Second Messenger System (when binds to beta receptor) or Phospholipase C Second Messenger Sys (when binds to alpha receptors)
Pancreas
Insulin
Stimulates body cells to take up glucose, decreasing blood glucose levels. T.O. = liver, skeletal muscle, adipose
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Glucagon
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Increases blood glucose levels, glycogen break down. T.O. = liver, skeletal muscle, adipose
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