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Aims of Paris Peace Settlement and its Participants (Intro (under intense…
Aims of Paris Peace Settlement and its Participants
Intro
leaders gathered in Paris in 1919 to make a peace treaty
under intense pressure from public opinion
many had made promises about this peace treaty in order to get themselves into power in the first place
the last big peace treaty after the Napoleonic Wars (the Congress of Vienna in 1914-15) - not been like this
mass media hand't been such a big thin
the Big Four (USA, Britain, France and Italy) all had democracy and an uncensored press
Issues
The Treaty of London (1915)
Britain and France agreed that certain land would be given to Italy
The McMahon Declaration (1915)
Britain had promised support for Arab independence if the Arabs rose up against Turkish rile
The Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)
Britain and France had reached an understanding about the Middle East - what their spheres of influence would be after the war
The Balfour Declaration (1917)
Britain had expressed support for the establishment of Palestine as a national home for the Jewish people
Aims of France
wanted to ensure French security by weakening German militarily, territorially and economically
wanted to prevent the repetition of the German invasion of 1870 and 1914
Georges Clemenceau, French premier, demanded that:
Alsace-Lorraine were returned to France
The Rhineland were to be taken from Germany and set up as an independent state
Germany were demilitarised
Reparations were to be paid to France to pay for the damage done to France
France wanted Anglo-American military guarantee against future German aggression
Aims of Britain
January 1918: David Lloyd George outlined his demands
Germany to return all territory it had occupied during the war
an independent Polish state to be created
Self-government for the nations of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and of r the non-Turkish peoples within the Ottoman Empire
During the General Election of December 1918, British politicians had promised to make Germany pay
Lloyd George still felt that Britain would be best served by German economic recovery
but he still pressed for high reparation payments
Britain campaigned for war pensions to be included as reparations - this was where the majority of the cost lay for Britain
Aims of the United States
Woodrow Wilson had 14 points
they were idealistic and based on the reasons as to why the war had broken out
Wilson declared that the purpose of the war should be to
'make the world safe for democracy'
Wilson stressed the importance of:
national self-determination
general disarmament
freedom of navigation
free trade
and end to secret treaties
Wilson wanted to create a League of Nations to secure world peace
Italy
wanted to see the fulfilment of the Treaty of London
had been promised part of the Ottoman Empire and a share in Germany's colonies
incompatible with Wilson's aims of self-determinations